Notifiable diseases Flashcards
What does it mean if you see a notifiable disease?
You must report it to the APHA, even if you just suspect it
Failure to notify is an….
offence
if you suspect a fish notifiable disease who do you report it to?
Fish health inspectorate
In addition to notifiable diseases you must call the FHI if…
Fish are dying in later numbers than usual
Are affected by unusual deaths
How and when must you notify the world animal health organisation OIE?
When ever an important epidemiological ever happens in a member country, notify OIE by they information system WAHIS
What is Rinderpest?
AKA Cattle plague
Morbillivirus - very similar to peste des petit ruminants
Fver, depression, severe discharge from the eyes and nose, diahorrea and death
What is classical swine fever?
A pestivirus transmitted in blood, oronasal discharge urine/faeces, semen and meat
Vertical transmission causes abortion or piglets that shed the disease for 6-12m before dying
What is African swine disease
Asfaviridae - a large complex virus that replicates in the cytoplasm
V&D, darkening of the skin, gummed up eyes, laboured breathing and coughing, with abortion
Spread by direct/indirect contact, canabalism and Ornithodorod ticks
What is foot and mouth disease?
Aphthavirus - picornavirus
NB, pigs shed lots of virus as aerosols
How long does FMD survive in the environment?
Around 1 month
What are the signs of FMD?
Ulcers on the feet and mouth, lameness, fever
When a premises is declared as suspect, what happens?
Warning/keep out signs Record all animals/bedding/equiptment on site Isolation and prevention of movement Disinfectants at entrances/exits Rodent control
Who confirms a notifiable disease?
Sample is sent to Pirbright and CVO will confirm - informs OIE and EC and reports regularly on the stars of the disease
The UK looses its FMD-free status and all hell breaks loose
What zones are put in place when a notifiable disease is confirmed?
Protection zone: minus 3km around farm
Surveillance zone: minimum 10km around farm
Restricted zone: The whole of the UK has a movement ban
What happens to the farm of a notifiable disease?
Susceptible animals are humanely killed
carcasses are disposed of in the preliminary disinfection
What are the 7 serotypes of FMD?
A, C, Asia 1, SAT1/2/3
Is bTB zoonotic?
Yes but controlled by pasteurisation
What are the three main species of TB?
M. tuberculosis
M. Bovis
M. microti
Most spread of bTB is due to…
Cattle
How do we test for bTB?
Single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT)
How doe we perform a SICCT?
Clip hair from two sites on the neck each site 12.5ish cm away from each other and measure the thickness of the skin with callipers
Avian tuberculin is injected into the top site and bTB in the lower site. 72h later measure the thickness of the sites.
Delayed hypersensitivity reaction causes thickening of there is a reaction
When is a bTB test declared positive?
When the bTB site exceeds the aTB site by more than 4mm (conclusive)
When the bTB is 1-4mm thicker than the aTB this is an inconclusive reactor
Other than skin testing, how else do we survey for bTb?
Abattoir testing
What happens to bTB testing positive cattle?
DEFRA pays for the cattle to go to a bTB abattoir and pays the farmer compensation
If a lesion is found in the lymph node then this is cut out with the vicera and the rest of the carcass goes for human consumption
What is spoligotyping and what is it used for?
Specific oglionucliotide typing - like a bar code
Tb tests on badgers
What is rabies?
A lyssavirus
How is European bat lyssavirus different to rabies?
Clinically indistinguishable
EBLV1 - Bats
EBLV- has been seen in people
What are the two types of rabies?
Urban rabies - dogs in Africa and Asia and SA
Sylvatic Rabies - Wild animals in Europe, Africa, americas
What type of virus is avian influenza?
Orthomyxoviridae - Influenza A virus A single stranded RNA virus Enveloped (Haemagglutinin (H) or neuraminidase (N)) Helical 80-120nm Replicates in the nucleus
What subtype of avian influenza is notifiable?
Subtypes H5 or H7 with 75% mortality in chicks over 10 days old
How is blue tongue spread?
Culicoides midges
What is anthrax?
Bacillus anthracis
A gram +ve rod that produces spores
What types of anthrax can you get?
Gastrointestinal anthrax
Cutaneous anthrax
Inhaled anthrax
If something dies very suddenly and you suspect anthrax what should you do?
Call APHA immediately Do not open the carcass PPE and sporicidal disinfectant Formalin fumigation of premises Insecticides used on and around carcass to prevent scavengers
What causes BSE, vCJD and CWD?
Prions
What are the signs of Chlamydophila psittaci
Green diarrhoea and respiratory distress
What causes Q fever?
Coxiella burneti
Causes abortion in cattle and people
