NOTES_2 Ch 30: Vital Signs - Respiration Flashcards
1
Q
Involuntary respiration is controlled by…
A
the brain stem
2
Q
Ventilation rate is regulated by…
A
CO2 and O2 and hyrdogen ion concentration in arterial blood
3
Q
What is the typical volume of air inhaled?
A
500mL
4
Q
What is the normal respiratory rate in an adult?
A
12-20 breaths per minute
5
Q
Labored breathing is indicated by…
A
the use of accessory muscles
(abdominal muscles instead of
diaphragm/intercostal muscles)
6
Q
What are the three processes of respiration?
A
- Ventilation
- Diffusion
- Perfusion
7
Q
Define ventilation.
A
- The movement of gases in and out of the lung
- Inhalation/exhalation
8
Q
Define Diffusion.
A
Movement of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and red blood cells
9
Q
Define Perfusion.
A
The distribution of red blood cells and to and from the pulmonary capillaries
10
Q
Respiration Vital measurements include:
A
- Resipiratory rate
- speed of breathing
- Pattern
- regular, labored, etc
- Depth
- shallow, deep, etc
- SpO2
- Pulse oxymetry should read 95%-100%Re
11
Q
Define:
- Eupnea
- Tachypnea
- Bradypnea
- Dyspnea
A
- Eupnea is normal, good, unlabored breathing, sometimes known as quiet breathing
- Tachypnea is abnormally rapid breathing (over 20bpm)
- Bradypnea is an abnormally slow breathing rate.
- Dyspnea is difficult or labored breathing
12
Q
Define:
- Apnea
- Orthopnea
- Hyperpnea
- Hypopnea
A
- Apnea is temporary cessation of breathing for several seconds. Persistent cessation results in respiratory arrest.
- Orthopnoea is shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs when lying flat
- Hyperpnea is increased depth and rate of labored breathing. (>20bpm, normal while exercising)
- Hyperpnea is decreased depth and rate of breathing
13
Q
Define:
- Hemoptysis
- Hyperventilation
- Hypocarbia
- Hypoventilation
- Hypercarbia
A
- Hemoptysis is the coughing up of blood
- Increased rate and depth (similar to hyperpnea) Hypocarbia may occur.
- Lower than normal levels of CO2 in blood (can effect blood pH)
- Decreased rate and depth (similar to hypopnea). Hypercarbia may occur.
- Higher than normal levels of CO2 in blood (can effect blood pH)
14
Q
Define Cheyne-Stokes respiration
A
- Respiratory rate and depth are irregular
- alternating periods of apnea and hyperventilation
- Cycle: slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase to abnormal rate/depth. Pattern reverses, breathing slows and becomes shallow, climaxing in apnea before respiration resumes
- Sign of “impending doom” as it is common when approaching death
15
Q
Define Kussmaul’s respiration
A
- Abnormally deep, regular at increased rate
