Notes Ch: 20 - Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six points of the chain of infection?

A
  • Infectious agent
  • Reservoir
  • Portal of exit
  • Mode of Transmission
  • Portal of entry
  • Host
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2
Q

A reservoir is

A

a place where a pathogen can survive and multiply

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3
Q

List some examples of portals of exit

A
  • Skin and mucous membranes
  • Respiratory, GI, Urinary, and Reproductive tracts
  • Blood transfusions/contact
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4
Q

Describe Vehicle contact.

A
  • Contact with contaminated items
  • ex. Water, Drugs, Solutions, Blood, Food
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5
Q

Describe Vector contact.

A
  • Acquired from animals and bugs such as a: misquito, louse, flea, tick, etc
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6
Q

What is the contact category for measles, chickenpox (varicella), or tuberculosis?

What are the transmission precautions?

A
  • Category = AIRBORNE
  • Private Room
  • negative pressure airflow w/ HEPA filtration
  • PPE: mask or n95 respirator (pending condition)
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7
Q

What is the contact category for diptheria, rubella, streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumonia, mumps, etc?

What are the transmission precautions?

A
  • Category = Droplet
  • Precautions = Private room or cohort patients
  • PPE = mask or respirator (pending condition)
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8
Q

What is the contact category for MRSA, herpes, scabies, etc?

What are the transmission precautions?

A

Category = Direct/Indirect Contact

Precautions

  • Private room or cohort patients
  • Gloves
  • Gowns
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9
Q

What are the precautions for those who require a protective environgment (are immunocomprimised)?

A
  • Private room
  • Positive airflow
  • Hepa filtration
  • Mask worn by patient when out of room
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10
Q

What are the four stages of the

Infectious Process

Briefly describe each.

A
  1. Incubation: Interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms
  2. Prodromal: Symptoms go from specific to non-specific (most contagious stage)
  3. Illness: Diagnosed and treated
  4. Convalescence: Recovery time w/ full course of medication
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11
Q

What is the normal range for WBCs?

A

5-10K

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12
Q

Medical Asepsis is a _____ technique that _____ possibility of contamination.

A

clean, reduces

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13
Q

Surgical Asepsis is a _____ technique that _____ possibility of contamination.

A

sterile, prevents

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14
Q

Name and define the three types of HAIs?

A
  1. Iatrogenic: from procedure
  2. Exogenous: from microorganisms outside the individual
  3. Endogenous: when the patient’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results
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15
Q

What is the order of donning PPE?

A
  • Cap
  • Gown
  • Mask
  • Goggles
  • Gloves
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16
Q

What is the order of removing PPE?

A
  • Gloves
  • Goggles
  • Gown
  • Mask
  • Cap
17
Q

What are the three Modes of Transmission

A
  1. Contact
  2. Vehicle
  3. Vector
18
Q

What are the four methods of the Contact mode of transmission?

A
  1. Direct
  2. Indirect
  3. Droplet
  4. Airborne
19
Q

Define Direct Contact

A

Person-to-person physical contact between source and susceptible host

20
Q

Define Indirect Contact

A

Personal contact of susceptible host with contaminated inanimate object

21
Q

Define Droplet Contact

A

Large particles that travel up to 3 feet during coughing, sneezing, or talking and come in contact with susceptible host

22
Q

Define Airborne Contact

A

Droplet nuclei or residue or evaporated droplets suspended in air during coughing or sneezing or carried on dust particles

23
Q

What are some examples of airborne pathogens?

A
  • Tuberculosis
  • measles
  • chickenpox
24
Q

What is an example of Droplet Contact

A

Influenza virus

25
Q

PPE for Contact precautions?

A
  • Gloves
  • Gown
26
Q

PPE for Droplet precautions?

A
  • gown
  • gloves
  • mask
27
Q

PPE for Airborne precautions?

A
  • Gown
  • Gloves
  • Respirator/N95 mask
28
Q
A