Notes - Things I Didnt Remember Flashcards
Viral replication 2nd step:
Cells get bigger and DNA loops move to opposite poles of the cell
Viral replication 1st step;
Viruses have attachment proteins which bind to the complimentary receptor proteins on the surface of the the host cell
Example of a membrane bound disaccharidase?
MALTOSE
What is a transporter protein?
Transport monosaccharides across membranes of epithelial cells
Why is maltase found later in the digestive system than amylase?
X
Which enzyme hydrolysis amino acids on the end of the polypeptides?
Exopeptidases
Examples of endopeptidases
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Pepsin
Which enzymes are released by the pancreas?
X
What is the transition state?
The least stable state of the substrate when it has the most energy
Over 45 degrees what happens with phospholipids
Water in cell expands putting pressure on the membrane
How a carrier protein works
Attaches to carrier protein
Carrier protein changes shape
Moves across membrane and releases molecule on the other side
And intermolecular forces explanation
Examples of facilitated diffusion
Water reabsorption in kidneys
Movement of glucose
ATP in and out of the mitochondria
Why the rate of facilitated diffusion depends on?
Concentration gradient (however once all carrier and channel proteins are used up an increase doesn’t affect it)
Number of carrier and channel proteins
If something is non polar then into terms of getting through the cell membrane …
It is soluble in lipids so can dissolve in the hydrophobic bilayer
What does the rate of simple diffusion depend on?
Concentration gradient
Thickness of exchange surface
Surface area
Where is cholesterol
Fit between the phospholipids binding to the hydrophobic tails causing them to lack tightly together
How does cholesterol help to minimise the effects of temperature change.
At higher temps it raises the melting point by immobilising methylene groups in the fatty acid tails of lipids
At lower temps it stops the phospholipids from clustering and stiffening
Co transport
Concentration gradient of one molecule is used to move the concentration gradient of another molecule (eg. Sodium moves down, glucose moves against.
