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Notes Taken 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Food that enters the mouth is lubricated and chewed until it forms into a ball-shaped mass called?

A

Bolus

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2
Q

The common passageway for digestion and respiration

A

Pharynx

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3
Q

A muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach.

A

Esophagus

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4
Q

Longest organ of the digestive system and is considered the organ of complete digestion and absorption.

A

Small intestine

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5
Q

Warehouse for feces

A

Rectum

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6
Q

Largest organ in the body.

A

Liver

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7
Q

Large, elongated gland located at the back of the stomach. It functions as exocrine and endocrine glands

A

Pancreas

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8
Q

Organic catalysts. They are protein substances that can either initiate or speed up chemical reactions

A

Enzymes

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9
Q

Build and repair tissues

A

Proteins

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10
Q

To help the body build a good supply of good bacteria, we use?

A

Probiotics

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11
Q

Naturally occuring compounds that have the ability to neutralize unstable free radicals that can cause cellular damage

A

Antioxidants

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12
Q

Constituent of green, leafy, and yellow fruits and vegetables

A

Beta Carotene

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13
Q

The chromatins undergo changes until they become double stranded and are called?

A

Chromatids

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14
Q

Connects the double stranded chromosomes

A

Centromere

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15
Q

Dividing of the cytoplasm

A

Cytokinesis

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16
Q

Dividing of the nucleus

A

Karyokinesis

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17
Q

Among unicellular organisms, mitosis is a means of reproduction in a process called?

A

Binary Fission

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18
Q

46 chromosomes in humans

A

Diploid number (2N)

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19
Q

Means the nucleus of our body cells contains two sets of homologous chromosomes

A

Diploid

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20
Q

In metaphase of meiosis 1, the homologous chromosomes pair and intertwine in the process called?

A

Synapsis

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21
Q

The chromatids undergo genetic re-assortment by exchanging segments through a process called?

A

Crossing over

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22
Q

Production of sperm by meiosis

A

Spermatogenesis

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23
Q

Spermatogenesis takes place in what place in the testes?

A

Seminiferous tubules

24
Q

Spermatogenesis takes how long?

A

About 2 months

25
Q

Diploid stem cells located at the periphery of each seminiferous tubule

A

Spermatogonia

26
Q

Hormonal inflence stimulates the spermatogonia to grown and differentiate into diploid cells called?

A

Primary spermatocytes

27
Q

The secretion of the hormone testosterone stimulates the primary spermatocytes to meiotically divide producing two haploid cells called?

A

Secondary spermatocytes

28
Q

The production of egg cells or ova by meiosis

A

Oogenesis

29
Q

Clusters of diploid stem cells inside the ovaries

A

Oogonia

30
Q

Flat cells that Surrounds the oogonia

A

Follicle cells

31
Q

During prophase 1 of meiosis 1, the oogonia sre transformed into large cells called?

A

Primary oocytes

32
Q

During the completion of meiosis 1, a primary oocyte divides into two haploid cells of unequal sizes. The large cell is called the ________ and the small one is called the _________.

A

Secondary oocyte, first polar body.

33
Q

During meiosis 2, the secondary oocyte divides again into two cells of unequal sizes a ________ and a __________.

A

Haploid ovum, secondary polar body

34
Q

The characteristics carried by any organism are controlled by genes.

A

Principle of Allelelism

35
Q

Pertains to inheritance of a single trait

A

Monohybrid inheritance

36
Q

The cross of two organisms heterozygous for a trait is known as a?

A

Hybrid cross

37
Q

Pertains to the inheritance of two traits at a time.

A

Dihybrid inheritance

38
Q

When a pure breeding parent carrying a stronger characteristic is crossed or bred with another pure breeding parent carrying a weaker characteristic, their offspring will carry or manifest the stronger characteristic possesd by one parent.

A

Law of complete dominance.

39
Q

Autotrophic organisms. Those that live in freshwater habitat are mostly photosynthetic, that is, they make their food using the energy from the sun.

A

Archaebacteria

40
Q

Archaeans that use the energy from chemical substances in the environment in amiing food are called?

A

Chemosythetic organisms

41
Q

Bacteria that cannot create their own food.

A

Eubacteria

42
Q

Can produce their own food

A

Autotrophs

43
Q

Organisms that depend on autotrophs for their nutrition

A

Heterotrophs

44
Q

Organisms which depend on dead and decaying matter for food and extracts nutrients from the dead body.

A

Saprotrophs

45
Q

Main component of a bacterial cell wall

A

Peptidoglycan

46
Q

Reproduction in bacteria is achieved through?

A

Binary fission.

47
Q

Reproduction using a simple sexual method. This process happens in some bacteria possesing sex pili.

A

Conjugation

48
Q

Collective term for animal like protists

A

Protozoa

49
Q

The slipper-shaped protist common in freshwater ponds. It moves about in its environment by mean oof hair like cilia that cover its body.

A

Paramecium

50
Q

Mouth like structure of paramecium

A

Gullet

51
Q

Can be found creeping at the bottom of ponds and over the surface of mud, stones, or any solid objects using its flowing, finger like cytoplasmic extensions called pseudopodia.

A

Amoeba

52
Q

Leaf-shaped protist that moves by means of whip-like flagellum.

A

Euglena

53
Q

The photosynthetic protists that produce toxins that can cause paralytic poisoning which is popularly know as red tide phenomenon

A

Dinoflagellates

54
Q

Are all obligate parasites and the chief agent of human malaria. They exhibit a complex life cycle involving the anopheles mosquito as their intermediate host

A

Plasmodium

55
Q

Mosquito that causes dengue

A

Aedes

56
Q

Food is broken down by the process of?

A

Mastication

Science(Random) (4 decks)

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