Notes Taken 3 Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
Too small to be seen even with the aid of the very best of microscopes.
A
Microscopic
2
Q
Attractive forces that hold particles together
A
Intramolecular forces
3
Q
The force of attraction between identical molecules
A
Cohesion
4
Q
The force of attraction between different molecules
A
Adhesion
5
Q
Ability to flow
A
Fluidity
6
Q
Resistance to flow
A
Viscosity
7
Q
The energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a given amount
A
Surface tension
8
Q
Compounds that lower the surface tension of water
A
Surfactants
9
Q
SI unit for pressure
A
Pascal
10
Q
Used to measure pressure
A
Barometer
11
Q
Discovered Radium and Polonium
A
Marie Curie and Pierre Curie
12
Q
Metal that Has the highest melting point
A
Tungsten
13
Q
Most abundant element in the universe
A
Hydrogen
14
Q
Substances whose colors are affected by acids and bases
A
Indicators
15
Q
The random movement of microscopic particles suspended in a liquid or gas, caused by collisions with molecules of the surrounding medium.
A
Brownian movement
16
Q
Properties that can be observed by the five human senses, aided or unaided
A
Macroscopic
17
Q
The metalloids
A
Boron, Silicon, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium Germanium
18
Q
Used as as a quick way to show the composition of compounds
A
Chemical formula
19
Q
Formula for density
A
p= Mass/Volume
20
Q
The only nonmetal that is liquid
A
Bromine
21
Q
Phase changes that Require energy
A
Melting, Vaporization, Sublimation
22
Q
Phase changes that release energy
A
Condensation, freezing, deposition
23
Q
The temperature where liquid is change into crystalline solid
A
Freezing point
24
Q
Building blocks of matter that make up everything that exists in our world.
A
Atoms
25
First proposed that everything is composed of very small bit of matter that is indivisible and called it atom
Democitus and Leucippus
26
Explained the idea that like fluids repel and unlike attract. This idea helped in the development of the theory of absolute measurement
Charles-Agustin de Coulumb
27
Made a clarification on his concept of an element that it could not be broken down by any method of chemical analysis. He devised a theory of the formation of chemical compounds from elements
Antoine Lavoisier
28
Came up with the atomic theory
John Dalton
29
Constructed the forerunner of the modern television picture tube to investigate the properties of cathode rays
Sir William Crookes
30
Negative or positive: anion
Negative
31
Positive of negative: anode
Positive
32
Positive or negative: cation
Positive
33
Positive or negative: cathode
Negative
34
Discovered x-ray by observing the fluorescence they produced
Wilhelm Roentgen
35
Stated that radioactive materials cause atoms to break down spontaneously. As this happens, radiation is released in the form of energy and subatomic particles.
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
36
Discovered the electron
Joseph John Thomson
37
Stated that energy is radiated in small, discrete units, which he called quanta
Max Planck
38
Created the special and general theories of relativity and hypothesized the particle nature of light.
Albert Einstein
39
Worked on atomic physics and major science, dealing with the basic constituents of the universe, the forces they exert on one another, and the results produced by these forces.
Robert Millikan
40
Worked on nuclear physics and invented a detector for electromagnetic waves
Ernest Rutherford
41
Proposed the planetary model of an atom. He also made numerous contributions on quantum mechanics.
Neils Bohr
42
Discovered that electrons have a dual nature similar to both particles and waves-particle/wave duality
Louise De Broglie
43
Explained how the electrons move in an atom as a wave
Erwin Schrodinger
44
Discovered the neutron
James Chadwick
45
Who proposed this? The solid sphere model of the atom
John Dalton
46
Who proposed this? The raisin bun model
Joseph John Thomson
47
Who proposed this? Nuclear model of an atom.
Ernest Rutherford
48
Who proposed this? Planetary model of an atom
Neils Bohr
49
Who proposed this? Bohr-Sommerfeld atomic model
Neils Bohr and Arnold Sommerfeld
50
Who conducted the gold foil experiment?
Ernest Rutherford
51
Neutrons and protons are collectively known as?
Nucleons
52
Mass of an electron compared to a proton
1/1837 of the mass of the proton
53
Ion with positive charge
Cation
54
Ion with negative charge
Anion
55
Number of protons in an element
Atomic Number
56
Symbol for atomic number
Z
57
The sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in an atom
Mass number
58
Symbol for Mass Number
A
59
Atoms of the same element may have the same atomic number, but the atomic mass may differ. These atoms are called?
Isotopes
60
An atom of a specific isotope is called?
Nuclide
61
Mass number
Number of protons+ number of neutrons
62
Number of neutron
Atomic Number- mass number
63
Formulated the Uncertainty Principle
Werner Heisenberg
64
State the uncertainty principle
It is impossible to determine both the momentum and the position of an electron at the same time accurately
65
Proposed the quantum mechanical model of an atom
Erwin Schrodinger
66
Lowest energy level or energy state of an electron
Ground state
67
Highest energy state for an electron
Excited state
68
The highest occupied energy level or electron shell
Valence shell
69
Electrons occupying the valence shell
Valence electrons
70
Obtained when the shell is completely filled with the assigned electrons
Closed shell
71
A spherical cloud that becomes less dense as the distance from the nucleus increases. The electrons in this orbital possess lower energy because they are found close to the nucleus
S orbital
72
It is a dumbbell-shaped cloud, having two lobes on opposite sides of the nucleus. The electrons here can never be found near the nucleus.
P orbital
73
It is like a four leaf clover, an hour and a ring.
D orbital
74
Are difficult to represent, and it is too complex to visualize them.
F orbital
75
Used to describe an electron in an orbit or atomic orbital, the region in space with the greatest probability of finding the electron in an atom.
Quantum numbers
76
Designates the energy level of each atomic orbital in which the electron moves. It also determines the average distance of the electron from the nucleus. It also describes the electron shell.
The principal quantum number (n)
77
Also called angular momentum number or subsidary number, this one describes the way the electron moves around the nucleus. This describes the general shape of the orbital whether it is s, d, p, or f orbital and this tells the sub-level or sub-shell to which the electron belongs.
Azimuthal quantum numbers (l)
78
Describes the spatial orientation of an electron in a space or magnetic field.
The magnetic quantum number (ml)
79
Specifies the way the electron spins or rotates, either counterclockwise or clockwise, on its axis as it moves within the orbital.
The electron spin quantum number (ms)
80
The arrow up in the electron spin quantum number signifies a __________ movement.
Counterclockwise
81
The arrow down in the electron spin quantum number signifies a ___________ movement.
Clockwise movement
82
The probable distribution of electrons around the nucleus among the orbitals is called?
Electron configuration
83
Hund's rule is also called?
Principle of minimum pairing and the principle of maximum multiplicity.
84
If all the electrons in an atom are paired, the atom is?
Diamagnetic
85
It is the atom that contains unpaired electrons that is drawn to a magnetic field.
Paramagnetism
86
Maximum electrons in the 1st level?
2
87
Maximum electrons in the second level?
8
88
Maximum electrons in the 3rd level?
18
89
Maximum electrons in the 4th level
32
90
Maximum electrons in the 5th level
50
91
Maximum electrons in the 6th level
72
92
Pieces or energy are known as?
Quanta
93
Chemicals symbols were invented by?
Jons Jacob Berzelius
94
Arranged the 33 elements into four categories
Antoine Lavoisier
95
Studied three elements and attempted to arrange the elements as triads
Johannes Wolfgang Dobereiner
96
Had the idea to plot the elements in a spiral around the surface of the cylinder divided into 16 vertical sections according to the elements' atomic masses.
Beguyer de Chancourtois
97
Beguyer de Chancourtois's device
Telluric helix
98
Proposed the law of octaves
John Newlands
99
Arranged the elements by their increasing atomic masses in a horizontal row
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev
100
Discovered the noble gases
William Ramsay
101
Arranged the elements by their atomic numbers.
Henry Moseley
