Notes pages 1 & 2 Flashcards
How is CO produced?
Incomplete oxidation of fossil feuls
*gas, wood, coal
CO competes with __ for __ binding site in heme of reduced Hb to decrease O2 saturation of arterial blood. Causes tissue ___
oxygen
Iron
hypoxia
CO forms __-Hb
Carboxy
CO causes “__ __ Cyanosis”
Cherry red
Primary target organs of CO
Brain
Increase Parkinson’s risk
Myocardium (Angina/MI)
Initial Signs and symptoms of CO
Headache and confusion
How to manage CO ingestion
100% O2 or hyperbaric O2
What are some Oxidizing agents?
Nitrous Oxides Nitrates Nitrites Chlorates Some Medications
Developmental deficiency of Methoglobin reductase in neonates can result in ___ (AKA ___ )if fertilizer (ammonium nitrate) contaminated well water is used to mix baby formula
Methglobinemia
Blue baby syndrome
*also aka Chocolate Cyanosis
Strong acids cause ___ necrosis at site of contact with __ formation that prevents deep tissue damage.
Precipitative
Eschar
*Wash w/ running H2O for at least 15 min.
Strong bases cause ___ necrosis at the site of contact
Dissolution
- NO Scar –> progressive, penetrative damage to underlying tissue is possible. H2O for at least 15 mins.
- Wash w/ running
Examples of Salicylates
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) Sodium Salicylate
Salicylates are the drug of choice for ___
OA
Salicylates inhibit ___ enzymes –> decreases ___ synthesis –> useful effects
COX
Prostaglandin
Ihibition of COX 1 in gastric mucosa –> decreased __ –> __ __
mucous
gastric ulcers
Salicylates are associated with ___ in children given aspirin for ___ ___
Reye’s
Viral fever
Salicylates can aggravate __ __ by reducing ability of kidneys to excrete __ __
Gouty Arthriits
Uric Acid
What is the major side effect of NSAIDs?
Gastric Ulcers
Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Meds (SAIMs) are all related to ___. What are some examples?
Hydrocortisone
Cortisol, Prednisone, betamethasone, dexamethasone
SAIMs inhibit ___ to prevent formation of __ __ –> decreases __ synthesis –> relief from s/s inflammation
Phospholipase A2
Arachadonic Acid
Prostaglandin
Adverse Effects of SAIMs
Hyperglycemia (keeps insuling levels in blood high)
Redistribution of lipids from extermities to trunk, shoulders, and face –> thin extremities, trunkal obesity, moon face, buffalo hump (Cushing’s Dz)
SAIMs have a Protein catabolic effect (to support ___ and ___) –> muscle ___ and difficulty ___.
gluconeogenesis
Hyperglycemia
wasting
healing
What 2 things do SAIMs suppress?
Immunosuppression
Suppression of Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis *Decreased ACTH secretion
