NOTES IN TOXICOLOGY Flashcards
Is the study of how natural or man-made toxicants cause adverse effects in
living organisms.
Toxicology
describes the degree to which a substance is
poisonous or can cause injury.
TOXICITY
depends on a variety of factors: dose,
duration and route of exposuree (see Module Two), shape and structure of the chemical
itself, and individual human factors
TOXICITY
term relates to poisonous or deadly effects on the body by
inhalation (breathing), ingestion (eating), or absorption, or by direct contact with a
chemical.
TOXIC
is any chemical that can injure or kill humans, animals,
or plants; a poison.
TOXICANT
used when talking about toxic substances
that are produced by or are a by-product of human-made activities.
TOXICANT
is used when talking about toxic substances
produced naturally.
TOXIN
is any poisonous substance of microbial (bacteria or other
tiny plants or animals), vegetable, or synthetic chemical origin that reacts with specific
cellular components to kill cells, alter growth or development, or kill the organism
TOXIN
This term includes any feeling or sign indicating the
presence of a poison in the system
TOXIC SYMPTOM
This term refers to the health effects that occur due to
exposure to a toxic substance; also known as a poisonous effect on the body.
TOXIC EFFECTS
means that a chemical will produce
injury to one kind of living matter without harming another form of life, even though the
two may exist close together.
SELECTIVE TOXICITY
HOW DOES TOXICITY DEVELOP
a substance must come
into contact with a body surface such as skin, eye or mucosa of the digestive or
respiratory tract. The dose of the chemical, or the amount one comes into contact with,
is important when discussing how “toxic” a substance can be
is the actual amount of a chemical that enters the body
DOSE
occurs over a very short period of time, usually 24 hours.
ACUTE EXPOSURE
occur over long periods of time such as weeks, months, or years.
CHRONIC EXPOSURE
