CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC AGENTS

Question 1

Toxic agents may be:

Answer 1

1. chemical (such as cyanide)
2. biological (such as snake venom)
3. physical (such as radiation)

Question 2

Heavy Metals (list down)

Answer 2

A. Lead
B. Mercury
C. Cadmium
D. Chromium
E. Arsenic
F. Beryllium
G. Nickle

Question 3

differ from other toxic substances in that they are neither created nor destroyed by humans, but they are capable of affecting the health of humans through the air, water, soil, and food they are found in

Answer 3

heavy metals

Question 4

Their effect on health could occur through at least two mechanisms:

Answer 4

first, by increasing the presence of heavy metals in air, water, soil, and food, and second, by changing the structure of the chemical.

Question 5

defines a pesticide as any substance or mixture of substances intended to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate any pest.

Answer 5

EPA

Question 6

Types of Pesticides

Answer 6

1. Organophosphates
2. Organochlorines
3. Fumigants (CCl4, ethylene dibromide, and methylene bromide)
4. Inorganic pesticides (arsenic, sulfur, copper, and mercury)
5. Natural organic pesticides (botanicals - nicotine and nicotinoid alkaloids from tobacco, and pyrethrum

Question 7

• powerful insecticidal

Answer 7

DDT

Question 8

• inexpensive, stable, easily applied, and highly effective - ideal for crop protection and disease prevention

Answer 8

DDT

Question 9

• lethal to a wide variety of insects but relatively nontoxic to mammals

Answer 9

DDT

Question 10

is any chemical, of natural or synthetic origin, capable of causing an adverse effect on a living organism.

Answer 10

TOXICANT

Question 11

is a toxicant that is produced by a living organism.

Answer 11

TOXIN

Question 12

all toxins are toxicants, but not all toxicants are?

Answer 12

toxins.

Question 13

• are toxic substances produced by microorganisms that are of high molecular weight and have antigenic properties

Answer 13

MICROBIAL TOXINS

Question 14

• are broadly defined to represent the array chemicals derived from many species of cyanobacteria (blue - green bacteria), dinoflagellates, and diatoms

Answer 14

ALGAL TOXINS

Question 15

are generally heat stable and, therefore, not altered by cooking methods

Answer 15

ALGAL TOXINS

Question 16

• usually referred to as secondary plant compounds, are often held to have evolved as defense mechanisms against herbivorous animals, particularly insects and mammals

Answer 16

PLANT TOXINS

Question 17

Many of the common drugs of abuse such as cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, morphine, and the cannabinoids are
?

Answer 17

PLANT TOXINS

Question 18

• Many chemicals that have been shown to be toxic are constituents of plants that form part of the human diet.

Answer 18

PLANT TOXINS

Question 19

carcinogen safrole found in black pepper

Answer 19

PLANT TOXIN

Question 20

2. solanine and chaconinepossible teratogens, are found in potatoes

Answer 20

PLANT TOXIN

Question 21

usually take the form of venoms that are secreted and released by an animal.

Answer 21

ANIMAL TOXINS

Question 22

A classic example is the toxin produced by the puffer fishes (Sphaeroides spp.) called tetrodotoxin (TTX)

Answer 22

ANIMAL TOXINS

Question 23

• has cutaneous effects, such as defatting and local irritation

Answer 23

SOLVENTS

Question 24

• systemic toxic effects, including effects on the nervous system

Answer 24

SOLVENT

Question 25

long – term health effects, such as cancer, are unknown at this time

Answer 25

SOLVENTS

Question 26

SOLVENT EXAMPLES

Answer 26

Benzene, hexane, dichloride methylene, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride, methanol and ethanol

Question 27

is the release and propagation of energy in space or through a material medium in the form of waves, the transfer of heat or light by waves of energy, or the stream of particles from a nuclear reactor.

Answer 27

RADIATION

Question 28

can occur when radioactive materials are released into the environment as a result of an accident or an act of terrorism.

Answer 28

Radioactive contamination and radiation exposure

Question 29

DIFFERENT TYPES OF RADIATION INCLUDES

Answer 29

alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron radiation, with each having different potential health effects.