Notes Flashcards
What is an Operating System?
The OS is the interface between user and hardware
What is the process manager of the computer?
CPU
What 4 things that comprise the operating system?
Process Manager
Memory Manager
File Manager
Device Manager
What is plug and play?
a device/computer bus with a specification that facilitates the discovery of a hardware component in a system without the need for physical device configuration or user intervention in resolving resource conflicts.
True or False? Is the network manager part of the device manager?
True
What is 802.11?
a set of technology standards for wireless network devices.
What are the three criteria of a CPU?
Speed, Cores, and Cache
What is more important in a CPU: Speed, Cores, or Cache?
All of them.
What are the 4 different levels of memory?
- Register (32 or 64 bit)
- Cache
- Main Memory
- Secondary Memory
What is a bit?
a unit of information expressed as either a 0 or 1 in binary notation.
How many numbers do we have in base 2?
2
How many digits does 1243 have?
4, good job!
What is 34 in binary?
100010
34/2 = 17, remainder is 0 17/2 = 8, remainder is 1 8/2 = 4, remainder is 0 4/2 = 2, remainder is 0 2/2 = 1, remainder is 0 1/2 = 0, remainder is 1
What is 45 in binary?
101101
45/2 = 22, remainder is 1 22/2 = 11, remainder is 0 11/2 = 5, remainder is 1 5/2 = 2, remainder is 1 2/2 = 1, remainder is 0 1/2 = 0, remainder is 1
What is 255 in binary?
11111111
255/2 = 127, remainder is 1 127/2 = 63, remainder is 1 63/2 = 31, remainder is 1 31/2 = 15, remainder is 1 15/2 = 7, remainder is 1 7/2 = 3, remainder is 1 3/2 = 1, remainder is 1 1/2 = 0, remainder is 1
What is 1101101 in decimal?
1x2^6 + 1x2^5 + 0x2^4 + 1x2^3 + 1x2^2 + 0x2^1 + 1x2^0
= 1x64 + 1x32 + 0x16 + 1x8 + 1x4 + 0x2 + 1x1
= 64 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 109
What is the unit used for your internet? megabit or in megabyte?
megabit (Mb)
What is the unit used for file transfer/downloading? megabit or in megabyte?
megabyte (MB)
What is the unit used for memory? megabit or in megabyte?
megabyte (MB)
Phone’s download files using megabit or megabyte?
megabyte (MB)
Phone’s network speed is in megabit or megabyte?
megabit (Mb)
If you want to convert 40Mbps to MB? What do you do?
Divide by 8, answer is 5 MB.
Anything about memory is ___
Anything about transferring/network is ___
MB, Mb
What is the Main Memory?
RAM
Why is RAM, random?
Because it is the ability to access an arbitrary element of a sequence in equal time or any datum from a population of addressable elements roughly as easily and efficiently as any other, no matter how many elements may be in the set.
It is typically contrasted to sequential access.
What is an example of Sequential Access Memory?
Videotape, because it’s in order lol.
What are the two types of HDD?
Magnetic and SDD
What is the difference between Magnetic and SDD Harddrives?
SDD has no moving parts, and uses electrons instead of magnets. It’s basically a large USB (flash storage).
What are examples of Secondary Memory?
HDD/SDD, USB, CD, DVD, Bluray
What is the typical size of a CD?
700 MB
What is the typical size of a DVD?
4.7 GB
What is the typical size of a Bluray DVD?
25 GB
What is VGA?
Video Graphic Adapter, converts binary data for display to show visible data.
What is a pixel?
is a physical point in a raster image, or the smallest addressable element in an all points addressable display device; so it is the smallest controllable element of a picture represented on the screen.
What is resolution?
the detail an image holds, it is height multiplied by width.
How many bytes does one pixel contain?
3, 1 each from RGB
What are some disadvantages of LCD?
Viewing angles, chromatic aberration when touching the screen
What is the successor of LCD?
LED Displays
What does LED stand for?
Light Emitting Diode
What has better picture quality: LCD or Plasma Display?
Plasma
Why were Plasma Displays discontinued?
They were not environmentally friendly
What is a movie (with respect to images)?
A group of images, also known as frames.
What is one image in a movie?
A frame
How many frames per second is in a CD?
15 fps
How many frames per second is in a DVD?
30 fps
Why does a movie look better in a DVD as opposed to a CD?
Higher fps
What resolution is known as HD?
720p
What resolution is known as True HD?
1080p
What is a motherboard?
a printed circuit board containing the principal components of a computer or other device, with connectors into which other circuit boards can be slotted.
What is a transistor?
A switch
What are transistors made out of?
Silicon
What is Real-time computing (RTC)?
describes hardware and software systems subject to a “real-time constraint”, for example from event to system response
What is Hard real-time?
means you must absolutely hit every deadline. Very few systems have this requirement. Some examples are nuclear systems, some medical applications such as pacemakers, a large number of defense applications, avionics, etc.
What is Soft Real-time?
Firm/soft real time systems can miss some deadlines, but eventually performance will degrade if too many are missed. A good example is the sound system in your computer. If you miss a few bits, no big deal, but miss too many and you’re going to eventually degrade the system.
What is an embedded system?
is a controller with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints
What is the difference between Redhat Connect (Opensource) vs. Redhat Enterprise
Redhat Enterprise has the same code but offers customer support for a high cost.
The ___ is the central module of an operating system (OS). It is the part of the operating system that loads first, and it remains in main memory.
kernel
What is a Blade server?
a stripped-down server computer with a modular design optimized to minimize the use of physical space and energy.
What is a Hot plug?
the addition of a component to a running computer system without significant interruption to the operation of the system. Hot plugging a device does not require a restart of the system.
Is a Program an active or inactive object?
Inactive
Is a Process an active or inactive object?
Active
If a system can handle more than one process its called _____
multi-processing system
What does the Process Manager do?
- Scheduler prepares jobs and process and prepares them for running
- Runs them
- Receives the result In charge of:
a. Allocating memory
b. Retrieving memory
What is a job scheduler?
Also known as a high level scheduler, is when a user sends a request to the OS to run an application.
What does the following describe?
- Puts application that wants to run in a queue
- Once reaches first in queue the Process Manager takes over
- Process manager has a queue for processes needed to run the Application
- Executes them one by one in line then follows the PCB
Job Scheduler
What is a Process Control Block (PCB)?
It is a data structure that contains all information about a process.
What is a Process Scheduler
a low-level scheduler that assigns the CPU to execute the individual actions for those jobs placed on the READY queue by the Job Scheduler. This
becomes crucial when the processing of several jobs has to be orchestrated—just as when you had to set aside your assembly and rush to help your neighbor.
I/O-bound:
a job that requires a large number of input/output operations, resulting in
substantial free time for the CPU. It contrasts with CPU-bound.
CPU-bound:
a job that will perform a great deal of nonstop computation before issuing an I/O request. It contrasts with I/O-bound.
