Notes 6 (cont) Bacteria and Archaea Review

Question 1

What do Bacteria and Archaea have in common? list 3 things

Answer 1

1. They are both prokaryotes, and they don’t have organelles and unicellular
2. They have cell wells
3. They single chromosomes

Question 2

How are Bacteria and Archaea different from all other organisms on the planet?

Answer 2

archaea and bacteria do not have cell walls separating their genetic material from the rest of the cell

Question 3

You find bacteria outside in the sun growing on a rock. Under the microscope they appear a bluish green (referred to as cyano-). In regard to how it obtains energy and the elements necessary to live, what type of bacteria is this probably? Explain your evidence.

Answer 3

Cyanobacteria obtains its energy through photosynthesis and is Autotrophs Bacteria.

Question 4

A person is infected and has bacteria growing inside them. In regard to how it obtains energy and the
elements necessary to live, what type of bacteria is this? Explain your reasoning.

Answer 4

Heterotrophs and absorbs or ingests energy and elements from biotic sources.

Question 5

Name at least 6 ways in which bacteria can be considered positive (not negative). (What do they do, or how are they used, that can be considered positive for other living things, especially humans?)

Answer 5

1. Bacteria have been scientifically
   manipulated to make medicines and
   industrial chemicals, and to decompose pollutants
2. Bacteria have been used to make human insulin, which is used to
   treat diabetes.
3. Bacteria have been extensively used in research to learn about cells,
   genetics, evolution, etc.
4. Biotechnology – using living organisms or living processes in high
   tech ways.
5. Treatment to prevent disease in crops and animals costs billions of
   dollars
   6.

Question 6

Describe at least two things that are not positive about bacteria, as far as humans are concerned.

Answer 6

1. many infectious diseases like pneumonia, tuberculosis, & diphtheria
2. if you take to many antibiotics you could become resistant to them helping you get better.

Question 7

Describe at least 3 ways that antibiotics help eliminate bacterial infection.

Answer 7

1. Disrupts cell walls - bacteria
   cells pop
2. Stop DNA replication
3. Stops protein synthesis

Question 8

What does it mean when archaea are called “extremophiles”? Give at least two examples that will help explain your answer.

Answer 8

Extremophiles - archaea have been found living in extreme environments, for example at high pressures, salt concentrations or temperatures.
1. Thermophiles: thrive at 60-80 celcius (>176 ferenheit)
2. Acidophiles: thrive at ph at or below in extremely dry conditions.
3. Halophiles: require extremely high concentration of salt.