Notes 10 - The Cell Flashcards
Cells
The smallest living unit
Unicellular
Cells that exist on their own.
Multicellular Organisms
Cells used to build things.
All cells are made up of
1.) Water
2.) The 4 biomolecules
3. Disolved elements
The 4 biomolecules are
1.) carbohydrates,
2.) lipids,
3.)proteins,
4.) nucleic acids
C ece
L ikes
P izza
N ot A pples
What do all cells share in common?
- ) MEMBRAINE - An outer “skin.”
2.) CYTOSOL - An inner, watery, jelly like substance
3.) DNA - directs growth, development and behavior.
4.) RIBOSOMES - Inner structure used to build proteins.
5.) CYTOSKELOTON - network of proteins that perform certain tasks.
Membraine
Outer skin of a cell.
Cytosol
An inner, watery, jelly like substance of a cell
DNA
Directs growth, development and behavior of cell.
Ribosomes
Inner structure used to build proteins.
Cytoskeloton
Network of protein fibers that perform certain tasks in a cell:
- Give cell support and shape.
- Move internal structures and molecules.
- Create tails or extensions that help move the cell.
Cells can be divided into two catebories
1.) Prokaryotic
2.) Euraryotic
What do Prokaryotic cells NOT have?
Does not have organelles (including the nucleus, which is an organelle)
What do Eukaryotic cells have?
Organelles (including the nucleus, which is an organelle.
What types of cells have a nucleus?
Eukaryotic cells.
What is an organelle?
An organelle is a complex structure with different jobs surrounded by a skin-like layer called a membrane (same as the cell membrane).
What surrounds an organelle?
The membrain which is a skin like layer.
most cells are too small to see with your naked eyes. But there are some. Name 3.
Frog egg
Chicken egg
Ostrich egg
You are made up of more than a
trillion cells.
Nucleus contains ______ in a form called ____________ (unwound) or _______________ (wound up).
Nucleus contains DNA in a form called CHROMATIN (unwound) or CHROMOSOMES (wound up).
Think of the nucleus as the control tower of a cell.
Prokaryote cells dont have a nucleus, and therefor DNA is found i Cytoplasm.
What is Chromatin? What is Chromosome?
Chromatin carries a cells genetic information (DNA). It is found in the nucleus. It is a threadlike chromosome that is spread throughout the nucleus (unwound).
Before a cell divides the Chromatin has to condense and becomes a Chromosome (wound).
What is Nucleolus?
The nuclei contains a small dense region known as the nucleolus. The nucleolus is where the assembly of ribosomes begins.
What is Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
Eukaryotic cells contain an internal membrane system known as the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (also known as ER).
ER is where proteins and lipids are assembled.
Think of ER as the builder of proteins.
The ROUGH ER is where the synthesis of proteins happens. It is called ROUGH ER because ribosomes are found on its surface.
The SMOOTH ER contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks. It is called SMOOTH ER because ribosomes are not on the surface.
What are vesicles?
Store and move materials between cell organelles, as well as to and from the cell surface.
Think of vesicles as the warehouse that stores materials. Like vacuoles.
What is Golgi Apparatus?
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the Endoplasmic Reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell.
Golgi Apparatus is like a customization shop, where the finishing touches are put on proteins before they are ready to leave the “factory”. From the GA, proteins are shipped to their final destination inside or outside the cell.
What is Vacuoles?
Vacuoles store materials like water and other materials. More pronounced in plants where they store water. Helps plants support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers.
Basically a factory’s storage space, like vesicles.
pg 198
What is Lysomes?
Lysomes break down unneeded materials into smaller molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.
It is basically a factories clean up crew, cleaning up junk that would otherwise clutter up the cell.
What is Mitochondria?
Mitochondria convert the chemical energy stored infood into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
It is like the power plant of a factory (which makes energy so that we have electricity)
What is Chloroplast?
Chloroplast performs photosynthesis, it captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.
Its like a solar power plant. Creates energy from the sun
What is Cell Wall?
Cell walls support, shape and protect the cell.
Most Prokaryotes and many eukaryotes have cell walls. Animal cells do not have ell walls.
Cell walls found in plants, fungi, prokaryotic and some protist cells
Cell walls provide much of the strength needed for plants to stand against the force of gravity. (wood on trees is made of cell walls)
Cilia
cellular extensions that can wave, moving the cll or moving material across tissue
Flagellia
tail like single cells can use to move, such as many types of bacteria cell or the human sperm cell.
