Notes 10 - The Cell

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

The smallest living unit

Question 2

Unicellular

Answer 2

Cells that exist on their own.

Question 3

Multicellular Organisms

Answer 3

Cells used to build things.

Question 4

All cells are made up of

Answer 4

1.) Water
2.) The 4 biomolecules
3. Disolved elements

Question 5

The 4 biomolecules are

Answer 5

1.) carbohydrates,
2.) lipids,
3.)proteins,
4.) nucleic acids

C ece
L ikes
P izza
N ot A pples

Question 6

What do all cells share in common?

Answer 6

1. ) MEMBRAINE - An outer “skin.”

2.) CYTOSOL - An inner, watery, jelly like substance

3.) DNA - directs growth, development and behavior.

4.) RIBOSOMES - Inner structure used to build proteins.

5.) CYTOSKELOTON - network of proteins that perform certain tasks.

Question 7

Membraine

Answer 7

Outer skin of a cell.

Question 8

Cytosol

Answer 8

An inner, watery, jelly like substance of a cell

Question 9

DNA

Answer 9

Directs growth, development and behavior of cell.

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

Inner structure used to build proteins.

Question 11

Cytoskeloton

Answer 11

Network of protein fibers that perform certain tasks in a cell:

1. Give cell support and shape.
2. Move internal structures and molecules.
3. Create tails or extensions that help move the cell.

Question 12

Cells can be divided into two catebories

Answer 12

1.) Prokaryotic
2.) Euraryotic

Question 13

What do Prokaryotic cells NOT have?

Answer 13

Does not have organelles (including the nucleus, which is an organelle)

Question 14

What do Eukaryotic cells have?

Answer 14

Organelles (including the nucleus, which is an organelle.

Question 15

What types of cells have a nucleus?

Answer 15

Eukaryotic cells.

Question 16

What is an organelle?

Answer 16

An organelle is a complex structure with different jobs surrounded by a skin-like layer called a membrane (same as the cell membrane).

Question 17

What surrounds an organelle?

Answer 17

The membrain which is a skin like layer.

Question 18

most cells are too small to see with your naked eyes. But there are some. Name 3.

Answer 18

Frog egg
Chicken egg
Ostrich egg

Question 19

You are made up of more than a

Answer 19

trillion cells.

Question 20

Nucleus contains ______ in a form called ____________ (unwound) or _______________ (wound up).

Answer 20

Nucleus contains DNA in a form called CHROMATIN (unwound) or CHROMOSOMES (wound up).

Think of the nucleus as the control tower of a cell.

Prokaryote cells dont have a nucleus, and therefor DNA is found i Cytoplasm.

Question 21

What is Chromatin? What is Chromosome?

Answer 21

Chromatin carries a cells genetic information (DNA). It is found in the nucleus. It is a threadlike chromosome that is spread throughout the nucleus (unwound).

Before a cell divides the Chromatin has to condense and becomes a Chromosome (wound).

Question 22

What is Nucleolus?

Answer 22

The nuclei contains a small dense region known as the nucleolus. The nucleolus is where the assembly of ribosomes begins.

Question 23

What is Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

Answer 23

Eukaryotic cells contain an internal membrane system known as the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (also known as ER).

ER is where proteins and lipids are assembled.

Think of ER as the builder of proteins.

The ROUGH ER is where the synthesis of proteins happens. It is called ROUGH ER because ribosomes are found on its surface.

The SMOOTH ER contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks. It is called SMOOTH ER because ribosomes are not on the surface.

Question 24

What are vesicles?

Answer 24

Store and move materials between cell organelles, as well as to and from the cell surface.

Think of vesicles as the warehouse that stores materials. Like vacuoles.

Question 25

What is Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 25

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the Endoplasmic Reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell.

Golgi Apparatus is like a customization shop, where the finishing touches are put on proteins before they are ready to leave the “factory”. From the GA, proteins are shipped to their final destination inside or outside the cell.

Question 26

What is Vacuoles?

Answer 26

Vacuoles store materials like water and other materials. More pronounced in plants where they store water. Helps plants support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers.

Basically a factory’s storage space, like vesicles.

pg 198

Question 27

What is Lysomes?

Answer 27

Lysomes break down unneeded materials into smaller molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.

It is basically a factories clean up crew, cleaning up junk that would otherwise clutter up the cell.

Question 28

What is Mitochondria?

Answer 28

Mitochondria convert the chemical energy stored infood into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.

It is like the power plant of a factory (which makes energy so that we have electricity)

Question 29

What is Chloroplast?

Answer 29

Chloroplast performs photosynthesis, it captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.

Its like a solar power plant. Creates energy from the sun

Question 30

What is Cell Wall?

Answer 30

Cell walls support, shape and protect the cell.

Most Prokaryotes and many eukaryotes have cell walls. Animal cells do not have ell walls.

Cell walls found in plants, fungi, prokaryotic and some protist cells

Cell walls provide much of the strength needed for plants to stand against the force of gravity. (wood on trees is made of cell walls)

Question 31

Cilia

Answer 31

cellular extensions that can wave, moving the cll or moving material across tissue

Question 32

Flagellia

Answer 32

tail like single cells can use to move, such as many types of bacteria cell or the human sperm cell.