Notes 5.1 Flashcards
Industrial Revolution (time, place, changes)
- between 1760-1840
- took place in Europe
- set of changes in technology that dramatically increased manufacturing productivity
- beginning of industrialization (growth of manufacturing and development of industries on a wide scale)
Places that experienced Industrial Revolution
- UK/Western Europe (early 1800s)
- US/Canada (early 1800s)
- Russia (mid 1800s)
- Japan (1870/1880)
factors that led to the start of the Industrial revolution (2)
- availability of natural resources (especially coal and iron)
- new technology (fly shuttle and spinning jenny, steam engine)
Changes During Industrial Revolution (4)
- working location
- Increase in food production
- Urbanization
- Change in class structure (middle class appeared)
Impact of Industrial Revolution (3)
- Rise of Unions (lower class began to demand better working conditions)
- Demand for Voting Rights (middle class began to demand to get involved to politics → lead to more democracy in Europe)
- Colonialism and Imperialism (factory owners needed raw materials for factories, and new markets to sell their finished goods)
Economic activities can be divided into five sectors
- Primary: extraction of raw materials and resources
- Secondary: processing raw materials into finished goods (manufacturing)
- Tertiary: exchanging of goods - cashier, flight attendant, nurse, pilot, insurance
- Quaternary: higher level and knowledge services (need around 4 year university degree) - Lawyer, teacher
- Quinary: decision-makers in society - principal of a school
factors for least cost theory (designed by German economist Alfred Weber that predicts location of manufacturing) (3)
- cost of transportation
- cost of labor
- agglomeration
Cost of transportation (goal + 3 factors)
- goal: keep low
- both moving raw materials to factories and moving finished goods to consumer
- weight of raw material + finished good plays a role here
- Another method of reducing transportation costs placing factories near break-of-bulk points
Cost of Labor (goal + 1 factor)
- Goal: keep low
- Wages/salaries of employees
Agglomeration
- goal: maximize
- factories should be located close to other factories, where they can share a labor, transportation, and resources
Other social development measures
- fertility rates
- infant mortality rate
- access to health care
- Use of fossil fuels vs renewable energy
- Literacy Rates
As countries develop, the roles of women change, countries with low economic (and social) development (4)
- more traditional roles
- usually stay at home and raise kids
- likely work in agriculture (high fertility rates for assistance in agriculture)
- limited opportunities for income and career advancement
As countries develop, the roles of women change, countries with medium economic (and social development)
- still mainly traditional roles
- some opportunities for career advancement
- common method: microloans
As countries develop, the roles of women change, countries with high economic and social development
- most opportunities for career and education for women
- however, women lack equity in terms of pay
- Discrimination in employment exists as well
