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PSA > NOTES > Flashcards

NOTES Flashcards

1
Q

Post op laxatives

A

Senna and bisacodyl

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2
Q

Neuropathic pain and chronic tension headache?

A

Amitriptyline

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3
Q

Neuropathic pain in diabetic neuropathy

A

Gabapentin

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4
Q

Diabetes with pins and needles

A

Muscle relaxant

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5
Q

When not to give glucose fluids

A

STROKE

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6
Q

How much K in 0.3%

A

40mmol

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7
Q

How to go up the pain ladder

A

Paracetamol
Codeiene
PRN morphine sulfate MR
PRN morphine sulfate IR

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8
Q

Pain relief in fracture

A

Pain ladder, use patches and PCA

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9
Q

How much glucose in a 5% 1L bag?

A

50g

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10
Q

Max dose of bisoprolol

A

1.25mg-20mg

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11
Q

Metformin starting dose

A

500mg

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12
Q

Drugs which cause confusion?

A

Benzos
Zopiclone
Opioids
Anticholinergics - atropine, oxybutynin
Anti-convulsants
Antidepressants
Anti-convulsants

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13
Q

Drugs which cause dehydration?

A

Diuretics

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14
Q

Drugs which cause liver impairment

A

NSAIDs
Steroids
Rifampicin

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15
Q

Drugs which cause urinary retention

A

Anticholinergics
Anaesthetics
Alpha agonists
Benzos
NSAIDs
CCBs
Anti-histamines
Alcohol

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16
Q

What Parkinsons drugs can be given if NBM?

A

Ropinirole can be crushed and given via NG

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17
Q

Which drugs should not be taken with methotrexate?

A

NSAIDs - affects clotting
Trimethoprim - bone marrow suppression
PPIs - increases levels of methotrexate

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18
Q

Ototoxic drugs

A

Gentamycin
Bumetanide
Furosemide IV
Vancomycin

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19
Q

Causes of CDIFF

A

Co-amox, clindamycin, cipro and cephalosporins
PPIs
Low magnesium
Low Na

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20
Q

Symptoms of opioid overdose?

A

Small pupils, not responsive, respiratory depression

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21
Q

How to treat opioid overdose

A

Naloxone IM 400micrograms every 2-3 mins

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22
Q

Side effects of quinolones e.g. ciprofloxacillin

A

Tendon rupture
Long QT
Reduce seizure threshold

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23
Q

Acute asthma treatment

A

Oxygen
Salbutamol 5mg nebs back to back
Hydrocortisone 100mg IV, prednisolone 40mg orally
Ipratropium bromide 500 micro nebs
Theophylinne/aminophylline
Magnesium IV

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24
Q

Metformin side effects

A

ACIDOSIS - SOB, muscle cramps, abdo pain, hypothermia

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25
Q

Sulfonylurea side effects

A

Hypoglycaemia

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26
Q

SGLT2 side effects

A

Look out for DKA signs even if BM normal

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27
Q

Side effects of all antipsychotics to be aware of

A

Photosensitivity - avoid direct sunlight
Drowsiness

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28
Q

Lithium warning

A

Salt and fluid intake
Avoid NSAIDs

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29
Q

How long until antidepressants work?

A

Can take up to 1 months - need to take for 6 months

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30
Q

Side effects of SSRIs

A

Abdo symptoms
Concentration
Electrolyte imbalance

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31
Q

What contraception for epilepsy?

A

POP or copper

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32
Q

Pregnancy UTI

A

Nitro
Amox second line

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33
Q

What anticoag is used in pregnancy

A

Dalteparin (LMWH)

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34
Q

What to do if taking analgesia too frequently?

A

Switch to MR

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35
Q

Blood clot prophylaxis in ortho surgery

A

Enoxaparin 40mg

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36
Q

Anti-emetic first line

A

Cyclizine 50mg 8 hourly IV/IM

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37
Q

What anti-emetic in heart failure?

A

Metoclopramide 10mg 8 hourly IV

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38
Q

Aminophylline monitoring

A

O2 sats for therapeutic affects

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39
Q

Which drugs to continue in surgery?

A

CCBs and Beta blockers

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40
Q

Which drugs to increase for surgery?

A

Steroids

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41
Q

When to stop K sparing diuertics and ACEi

A

On the day

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42
Q

Metformin and surgery

A

Can stop and substitute with a sliding scale

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43
Q

When to stop anticoags

A

1 week before

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44
Q

When to avoid nitrofurantoin?

A

Renal failure

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45
Q

Meningitis abx?

A

Cefotaxime

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46
Q

Neutropenic sepsis

A

IV TAZOCIN

47
Q

ACEi side effects

A

Low Na and high K
Cough
Renal artery stenosis and renal impairment - be careful

48
Q

ACEi and creatinine

A

If rises within 20% then fine, if more then stop - can preciptate ischaemic limb

49
Q

What eGFR should we avoid ACEi

A

below 30

50
Q

Heart failure treatment

A

UNLOAD
Sit up
Nitrates
Loop diuertics
Oxygen
ACEi
Digoxin

51
Q

When should we avoid BBs?

A

PVD

52
Q

CCBs side effects

A

Leg swelling and flushing
Avoid in biventricular failure

53
Q

Which diuertics cause hypokalaemia

A

Loop and thiazide

54
Q

Monitoring for diuertics

A

Weight

55
Q

Type 2 diabetes treatment

A

Metformin - dont use in low GFR
Gliclazide if under or normal weight

56
Q

Side effects of sulfonylureas

A

WEight gain
Hypos
Renal and liver damage

57
Q

Hypoglycaemia treatment

A

Conscious - oral glucose 10-20g
IV access and unconcious - 20% 100mls glucose

58
Q

UC Severe flare

A

more than 6 movements and systemically unwell
IV hydrocortisone and fast fluids

59
Q

UC mild flare?

A

Oral prednisolone 30mg over 24 hours

60
Q

Warfarin periop?

A

INR more than 1.5 - give 5mg oral vit K even if their target is higher

61
Q

Bridging therapy when starting warfarin?

A

When you start its a pro-coag, bridge with LMWH

62
Q

VTE prophylaxis

A

Dalteparin - LWMH

63
Q

DOAC examples

A

Xaban - apixaban, rivaroxaban - Block Xa

64
Q

Bulk forming laxatives example

A

Ispaghula husk - slow to work!!

65
Q

Osmotic laxatives examples

A

Lactulose - increase water in bowel and used in hepatic encephalopathy

66
Q

Stimulant laxatives

A

Senna, bisacodyl, NEVER IN BO

67
Q

Stool softners

A

Docusate

68
Q

Kids laxatives

A

Lactulose or stool softners

69
Q

Hyperkalaemia treatment

A

10 units of actrapid
100mls of 20% dextrose IV
Nebulised salbutamol 5mg
Calcium gluconate - 10mls of 10%

70
Q

Treatment for secretions in palliative care?

A

Hyoscine butylbromide

71
Q

Treatment for agitation in palliative care?

A

Midazolam

72
Q

Treatment for nausea in palliative care?

A

Cyclizine

73
Q

Long term post MI meds

A

CRABS
Clopidogrel
Ramipril
Aspirin
Beta blocker
Statin

74
Q

Chronic HF treatment

A

ACEi (not in asthma, give ARB instead), beta blocker but not in acute

Spironolactone or amiloride

75
Q

AF more than 48 hours

A

Rate with beta blocker or diltiazem or verapimil
Can use digoxin if fast AF

76
Q

AF less than 24 hours

A

Amiodarone and flecanide

77
Q

Anaphylaxis treatment

A

Nebulsied salbutamol
500 micrograms 1 in 1000 adrenaline IM

78
Q

What seizures do you use valproate?

A

Generalised, myoclonic, tonic

79
Q

Focal seizure treatment

A

Carbamazipine or lamotrigine

80
Q

Monitoring - vancomycin

A

Renal function

81
Q

Monitoring lithium

A

Weekly till stable, then 3 monthly - advice about Na intake

82
Q

Monitoring statins

A

ALT, stop if CK is raised or symptomatic
Note - only stop if ALT is above 3x, otherwise drop dose

83
Q

Phenytoin monitoring

A

check levels
IV - do ECG

84
Q

ACEi monitoring

A

Renal function in 1-2 weeks
Exercise tolerance for benefits !

85
Q

Methotrexate monitoring

A

Liver/renal function 1-2 weeks then monthly
Stop if WCC drops
Avoid in hepatic or renal impairment

86
Q

Antipsychotics monitoring

A

Olanzopine - fasting BM
Clozapine - FBC weekly for 18 weeks, ECG

87
Q

Amiodarone monitoring

A

CXR

88
Q

Gentamycin monitoring and dose adjustments

A

Trough and peak
high peak - reduce the dose
high trough - increase interval

89
Q

Digoxin monitoring

A

Creatinine

90
Q

COCP/HRT monitoring

A

BP

91
Q

Valproate monitoring

A

Liver

92
Q

Tacrolimus monitoring

A

Trough level

93
Q

Theophylline monitoring

A

Levels

94
Q

Ciclosporin monitoring

A

Renal function

95
Q

Cyclizine side effects

A

fluid retention, urinary retention, constipation, dry mouth

96
Q

Fluoxitine side effects

A

rash

97
Q

COCP SEs

A

Irritability, headache, weight gain

98
Q

Enoxaparin SEs

A

Hyperkalaemia

99
Q

Aspirin side effect

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

100
Q

Morphine SEs

A

Urinary retention
Renal failure

101
Q

Citalopram and dabigatran

A

NO - bleeding risk

102
Q

Digoxin side effects

A

Yellow vision halos
Nausea
Diarrhoea
Confusion

103
Q

Omperazole SE

A

C diff

104
Q

1% meaning

A

1g in 100ml

105
Q

What is used for alcohol addiction

A

Acamprosate

106
Q

Anticholinergic excess - symptoms and causes?

A

Mad, red, dry and blind

Amititriptiline
Paroxetine
Antimuscarinics
Antispychotics

107
Q

What different solutions are given for hypo?

A

50-100ML of glucose 20%
100-200ML of glucose 10%

108
Q

Which drug can cause ED?

A

Beta blockers

109
Q

How to monitor the treatment for HF?

A

Check exercise tolerance

110
Q

How much Na is in 1L of NaCL?

A

154mmol

111
Q

Which drugs worsen heart failure?

A

CCBs
Prednisolone

112
Q

Which drugs cause vaginal candida

A

Amox
Clarithromycin
Prednisolone

113
Q

How to treat thyrotoxicosis caused by amiodraone

A

Withold the ami

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