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PSA > Chapter Three - Data Interpretation > Flashcards

Chapter Three - Data Interpretation Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of high neutrophils

A

Bacterial Infection
Tissue damage
Steroids

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2
Q

Causes of low neutrophils

A

Viral infection
Chemo or radiotherapy
Clozapine
Carbimazole

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3
Q

Causes of high lymphocytes

A

Viral infection
Lymphoma
CLL

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4
Q

Causes of low platelets
Reduced production

A

Infection
Drugs e.g. penicillaemine
Myelodisplasia, myelobrosis, myeloma

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5
Q

Causes of low platelets
Increased destruction

A

Heparin
Hypersplenism
DIC, ITP, HUS, TTP

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6
Q

Causes of high platelets

A

Bleeding
Tissue damage
Post splenectomy
Myeloproliferative disorders

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7
Q

Hypovolaemic hyponatraemia

A

Fluid losses
Addisons
Diuretics

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8
Q

Euvolaemic hyponatraemia

A

SIADH
Psychogenic polydipsia
Hypothyroidism

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9
Q

Hypervolaemic hyponatraemia

A

Heart failure
Renal failure
Liver failure
Nutritional failure
Thyroid failure

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10
Q

Causes of hypokalaemia

A

DIRE
Drugs - loop and thiazide
Inadequate intake or intestinal losses
Renal tubular acidosis
Endocrine - cushings and conns

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11
Q

Causes of hyperkalaemia

A

DREAD
Drugs - K sparing and ACEi
Renal failure
Endocrine - addisons
Artefact - clotted sample
DKA

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12
Q

Pre-renal AKI causes

A

Dehydration
Renal artery stenosis

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13
Q

Intrinsic AKI causes

A

INTRINSIC

Ischaemia - ATN
Nephrotoxic antibiotics
Tablets - ACEi NSAIDs
Radiological contrast
Injury - rhabdomyolysis
Negatively birefrigent crystals - gout
Syndromes - glomerulonephritis
Inflammation - vasculitis
Cholesterol emboli

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14
Q

Post-renal AKI causes

A

Stones, tumour, fibrosis, BPH, prostate cancer

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15
Q

When do you change the dose of thyroxine?

A

TSH <0.5 = decrease dose
TSH 0.5-5 = no action
>5 = increase dose

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16
Q

Features of digoxin toxicity

A

confusion
nausea
visual haloes
arrthymias

17
Q

features of lithium toxicity

A

early - tremor
intermediate - tiredness
late - arrythmias, seizures, coma, renal failure, diabetes insipidus

18
Q

features of phenytoin toxicity

A

Gum hypertrophy
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Peripheral neuropathy
Teratogenicity

19
Q

features of gentamycin toxicity

A

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxic

20
Q

features of vancomycin toxicity

A

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

21
Q

What is the normal peak range for gent? What do you do if the peak is out of range?

A

5-10
Adjust dose

22
Q

What is the normal trough range for gent? What do you do if the trough is out of range?

A

<2
Adjust the dose interval

PSA (9 decks)

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