Notations & Data Types Flashcards
What are the 4 stages of the I/O Cycle?
Input, Output, Processing, and Storage Cycle (I/O Cycle) is a fundamental
concept in computing that governs the core functions of a computer system
Describe the input stage
▪ Stage where data is entered into the computer system
▪ The input stage is crucial as it provides the raw data that the computer
will process
What is the role of the CPU at the processing stage
▪ The CPU performs calculations, comparisons, and other operations to
transform the raw data into meaningful information
Describe the output stage
Displays or transmits the results of the processing to the user or another
system either visually (using a monitor or printer) or audibly (by using
speakers)
Describe where and why data is saved at the storage phase
▪ Data is saved to storage devices like a hard drive, SSD, or cloud storage
for later use
▪ Storage allows the results of processing to be retained and retrieved as
needed from the RAM
What are the 3 primary notation types?
Decimal, binary and hexidecimal
Describe decimal notation
● Utilizes the base-10 system, which uses a system of ten unique
symbols to represent the values (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9)
Describe the binary system
A system of numbers that has only two different integer values 0
and 1
● The information within a computer is represented and stored as a
sequence of binary digits (1s and 0s)
● Each digit in a binary number, also known as a “bit”, represents a
power of two, allowing for compact and precise representation of
numerical values
Describe the hexidecimal system
● Employs base-16, which uses 16 distinct symbols (0–9 for the first
ten and A–F for the remaining six)
● Hexadecimal is commonly used in computer programming,
memory addressing, and debugging processes
Why is it important to understand decimal notation
o Decimal notation is used in various programming languages and in databases for
storing and manipulating numerical data
o Decimal notation is the cornerstone of the numerical world
What are the advantages of the decimal system?
Simplicity and intuitiveness
What do 1 and 0 correspond to on physical switches?
Digital computers use binary notation at the hardware level because it
corresponds to the on state (or 1) and an off state (or 0) for its electronic
switches
What is binary notation used for?
Binary notation is used in various fields of computer science, such as in the
design and analysis of algorithms, data structures, and computer networks
What are the advantages of binary notation?
o The advantage of a binary system is its immediate compatibility with digital
electrical systems
What does each digits position represent in decimal, binary and hexidecimal?
decimal ^10
binary ^2
hexidecimal ^16
