Notable Anthropologists

Question 1

Franz Boas

Answer 1

1858
organized and served at VP on the AAA
Father of American Anthropology
4 fields concept- physical, linguistics, archaeology, cultural
Disapproved of inequalities/ethnocentrism
social v. biological
cranial and linguistic studies

Question 2

Charles Darwin

Answer 2

was an English naturalist in the 1800s.

Question 3

Gregor Mendel

Answer 3

The scientist whose work provided the foundation for later understandings of genetics

Question 4

Claude Levi-Strauss

Answer 4

1908
 Structural Anthropology (1959)
 Mythologiques (1971)
 the logic of myths
 the culinary triangle
 Structuralism-- always asking why, looking for categories, looking for structure, comparing similar structures, not ethnocentric, not an idealist, studied in San Paulo

Question 5

Malinowski

Answer 5

1884
Ethnocentric, saw others as savages
-Primitive Economics of the Trobriand Islanders (during WWI, Kula Ring exchange)
-Argonauts of the Western Pacific
throrough descriptions, biased opinions
Used psychology education along with cultural understanding to gain a fuller knowledge of the situation
Pioneer of ethnographic methods

Question 6

Radcliffe-Brown

Answer 6

1881
 Father of modern social anthropology
 worked w/Malinowski
 Fieldwork- Andaman Islands (Indian Ocean) and Aborigines in Western Australia
 The Mother's Brother in South America
 On Joking Relationships
 Totemism 
Professor in Cape Town, Sydney, Chicago

Question 7

Margaret Mead

Answer 7

Coming of Age in Samoa 1925
Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies, 1935

Derek Freeman published Margaret Mead– The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth in 1983

Question 8

Sir Edward Barnett Tyler

Answer 8

1832
 Father of Cultural Anthropology
 Primitive Culture 1871
 Anthropology 1881
 Animism (?)

d/n do his own fieldwork
1.Race can be ignored when examining the development of human nature
2Human development is fully established rarely being degenerated
3.Ignore race when talking about language
4.There is a common element to all languages
5.Religion a window into the development of mind and culture
6.Disagrees with the term “savage”
7.Religion is progressing and evolving
8.Early humans were driven by curiosity

Question 9

Jane Goodall

Answer 9

1934
Dr. Leakey
Names v. #s– bridged gap b/w man and animal
Gombe National Park
criticism:
-Presence changed natural behavior
-Provided medical treatment to the chimps
-Established trust through feeding stations- interrupted cycle

Question 10

Marcel Mauss

Answer 10

French sociologist
created the principle of reciprocity
book: The Gift - foundation of social theories of reciprocity and gift exchange.

Question 11

Lewis Henry Morgan

Answer 11

created a theory that said human societies evolved from savagery to barbarism to civilization.