General Study Flashcards

1
Q

genetic evolution

A

change in gene (allele) frequency in a breeding population

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2
Q

meiosis

A

process by which sex cells are produced

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3
Q

crossing over

A

homologous chromosomes intertwine and exchange DNA

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4
Q

mitosis

A

ordinary cell division

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5
Q

sexual selection

A

selection of traits that enhance mating success

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6
Q

balanced polymorphism

A

alleles maintain a constant frequency in a population over time

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7
Q

random genetic drift

A

exchange of genetic material through interbreeding

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8
Q

gene flow

A

exchange of genetic material through interbreeding

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9
Q

speciation

A

formation of new species

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10
Q

punctuated equilibrium

A

long periods of stability with occasional evolutionary leaps

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11
Q

paleolithic

A

old stone age including lower middle and upper

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12
Q

acheulean

A

lower paleolithic tool tradition associated with H. erectus

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13
Q

archaic H. sapiens

A

early H. sapiens 300,000 to 28000 BP includes Neandertals

1,135 CC

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14
Q

neandertals

A

archaic H. sapiens group inhabiting Europe and the middle east from 130000 to 28000 BP
1,430 CC

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15
Q

pleistocene

A

main epoch (1.8 mya - 11000 BP) of evolution of Homo

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16
Q

glacials

A

major advances of continental ice sheets in Europe and north america

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17
Q

interglacials

A

extended warm periods between glacials

18
Q

Anatomically modern humans (AMHs)

A

195000 BP to present - 1,350 CC found Worldwide

19
Q

Homo erectus

A

1.9 mya to 300,000 BP Africa, Asia, Europe

900CC

20
Q

Pan troglodytes

A

Modern, central Africa

390CC

21
Q

H. rudolfensis

A

archaic homo - 2.4 - 1.8 million years ago (mya)

22
Q

H. habilis

A

archaic homo - 1.9 - 1.4 mya

23
Q

H. erectus

A

archaic homo - 1.9 mya - 300,000 BP

24
Q

H. floresiensis

A

archaic homo - 95,000 - 13,000 BP

25
H. antecessor
archaic homo - 900,000 BP
26
H. heidelbergensis
archaic homo - 700,000 - 200,000 BP
27
AMHs
Anatomically modern humans eg Cro Magnon, Skhul, Qafzeh, Herto
28
Mousterian
Middle Paleolithic tool tradition associated with Neandertals
29
emic
research strategy focusing on local explantions and meanings
30
cultural consultants
people who teach an ethnographer about their culture
31
etic
research strategy emphasizing the ethnographer's explanations and categories
32
genealogical method
using diagrams and symbols to record kin connections
33
longitudinal research
long term study usually based on repeated visits
34
functhionalism
approach focusing on the role of sociocultural practices in social systems
35
historical particularism
idea (boas) that histories are not comparable, diverse paths can lead to the same cultural result
36
synchronic
studying societies at one time
37
diachronic
studying societies across time
38
configurationalism
view of culture as integrated and patterned
39
cultural materialism
idea (Harris) that cultural infrastructure determines structure and superstructure
40
superorganic
(Kroeber) the special domain of culture, beyond the organic and inorganic realms
41
agency
the actions of indivduals alone and in groups that create and transform culture