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CPD > Nose/Sinus > Flashcards

Nose/Sinus Flashcards

1
Q

What is anosmia?

A

loss of sense of smell

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2
Q

What is hyposmia?

A

decreased sense of smell

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3
Q

If loss of smell is unilateral with accompanying visual problems/behavioral changes, consider___

A

CN I abnormality

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4
Q

If loss of smell is bilateral with concomitant nasal symptoms, consider ____

A

local problem

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5
Q

Anosmia is common in ____ and ____

A

Alzheimer dz, Parkinson dz

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6
Q

What is epistaxis?

A

nosebleed

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7
Q

What are the risk factors for anterior epistaxis?

A

winter weather, irritants following URI, acute rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, allergies, trauma, nose-picking

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8
Q

What are the risk factors for posterior epistaxis?

A

hypertension, atherosclerosis, cocaine use, liver disease, alcoholism, blood thinners

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9
Q

What is the difference in areas affected between an anterior and posterior nosebleed?

A

anterior: Kiesselbach plexus, posterior: woodruff’s plexus

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10
Q

What is the common population affected in anterior and posterior nosebleeds?

A

anterior: children/young adults, posterior: older adults

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11
Q

Rhinitis is infection of ____

A

mucous membranes of the nose

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12
Q

What is rhinophyma?

A

enlarged, bulbous, reddened nose

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13
Q

Rhinophyma is worsened by ____

A

alcohol

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14
Q

Rhinophyma is most common in ___

A

men > 50

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15
Q

Sex: nasal polyps

A

M:F 2-4:1

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16
Q

What are 5 conditions associated with multiple benign polyps?

A

bronchial asthma, cystic fibrosis, allergic rhinitis, allergic fungal sinusitis, chronic rhino-sinusitis

17
Q

What are four conditions associated with unilateral rhinitis?

A

trauma, choanal atresia, foreign body, neoplasm

18
Q

What are symptoms of nasal polyps?

A

depends on size, postnasal drainage, dull headaches, snoring, rhinorrhea, hyposmia/anosmia

19
Q

Rhinophyma is associated with ____

A

untreated acne rosea

20
Q

With a neoplasm, discharge will be ____

A

bloody

21
Q

What are the symptoms of cocaine use?

A

constant runny nose, watery d/c when using, congested when not using, chronic sore throats, hoarseness

22
Q

What is vasomotor rhinitis?

A

non-allergic, non-infectious caused by dyregulation of the autonomic nervous system (parasympathetics dominate)

23
Q

What are the symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis?

A

Similar to allergic rhinitis with rhinorrhea, sneezing, pruritis, congestion, nasal obstruction

24
Q

In women with vasomotor rhinitis, rates of ___ and ____ are higher

A

anxiety, depression

25
Q

What are triggers for vasomotor rhinitis?

A

emotions, smoke, weather changes, strong odors, stress, irritants, trauma, spicy foods, alcohol

26
Q

What occurs histologically in atrophic rhinitis?

A

nasal mucous membrane changes from ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium

27
Q

What are the symptoms of atrophic rhinitis?

A

anosmia/hyposmia, epistaxis, nasal congestion, ozoena from progressive atrophy of nasal mucosa and bone, foul-smelling d/c

28
Q

What is seen on a PE for atrophic rhinitis?

A

yellow/green crusts, dry/shiny membranes

29
Q

What is seen on a PE for vasomotor rhinitis?

A

swollen inferior nasal turbinates, dark red to bluish mucosa, may have no d/c

30
Q

What is seen on a PE for acute rhinitis?

A

erythematous, mucosa swelling, low fever

31
Q

what are the symptoms of acute rhinitis?

A

watery d/c, sneezing, mouth breathing, malaise

32
Q

Eosinophilia may be present in this condition when the d/c is stained

A

allergic rhinitis

33
Q

What are the symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

A

itchy nose/eyes, lacrimation, watery d/c, nasal obstruction, sneezing, allergic solute, allergic shiners, halitosis

34
Q

What is seen on a PE for allergic rhinitis?

A

red mucosa, if chronic = pale, bluish mucosa, enlarged adenoids, atopic dermatitis, asthma

35
Q

What is ozoena?

A

atrophic rhinitis marked by mucopurulent d/c, fetor, and mucosal crusting

CPD (8 decks)

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