Nose/Sinus

Question 1

What is anosmia?

Answer 1

loss of sense of smell

Question 2

What is hyposmia?

Answer 2

decreased sense of smell

Question 3

If loss of smell is unilateral with accompanying visual problems/behavioral changes, consider___

Answer 3

CN I abnormality

Question 4

If loss of smell is bilateral with concomitant nasal symptoms, consider ____

Answer 4

local problem

Question 5

Anosmia is common in ____ and ____

Answer 5

Alzheimer dz, Parkinson dz

Question 6

What is epistaxis?

Answer 6

nosebleed

Question 7

What are the risk factors for anterior epistaxis?

Answer 7

winter weather, irritants following URI, acute rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, allergies, trauma, nose-picking

Question 8

What are the risk factors for posterior epistaxis?

Answer 8

hypertension, atherosclerosis, cocaine use, liver disease, alcoholism, blood thinners

Question 9

What is the difference in areas affected between an anterior and posterior nosebleed?

Answer 9

anterior: Kiesselbach plexus, posterior: woodruff’s plexus

Question 10

What is the common population affected in anterior and posterior nosebleeds?

Answer 10

anterior: children/young adults, posterior: older adults

Question 11

Rhinitis is infection of ____

Answer 11

mucous membranes of the nose

Question 12

What is rhinophyma?

Answer 12

enlarged, bulbous, reddened nose

Question 13

Rhinophyma is worsened by ____

Answer 13

alcohol

Question 14

Rhinophyma is most common in ___

Answer 14

men > 50

Question 15

Sex: nasal polyps

Answer 15

M:F 2-4:1

Question 16

What are 5 conditions associated with multiple benign polyps?

Answer 16

bronchial asthma, cystic fibrosis, allergic rhinitis, allergic fungal sinusitis, chronic rhino-sinusitis

Question 17

What are four conditions associated with unilateral rhinitis?

Answer 17

trauma, choanal atresia, foreign body, neoplasm

Question 18

What are symptoms of nasal polyps?

Answer 18

depends on size, postnasal drainage, dull headaches, snoring, rhinorrhea, hyposmia/anosmia

Question 19

Rhinophyma is associated with ____

Answer 19

untreated acne rosea

Question 20

With a neoplasm, discharge will be ____

Answer 20

bloody

Question 21

What are the symptoms of cocaine use?

Answer 21

constant runny nose, watery d/c when using, congested when not using, chronic sore throats, hoarseness

Question 22

What is vasomotor rhinitis?

Answer 22

non-allergic, non-infectious caused by dyregulation of the autonomic nervous system (parasympathetics dominate)

Question 23

What are the symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis?

Answer 23

Similar to allergic rhinitis with rhinorrhea, sneezing, pruritis, congestion, nasal obstruction

Question 24

In women with vasomotor rhinitis, rates of ___ and ____ are higher

Answer 24

anxiety, depression

Question 25

What are triggers for vasomotor rhinitis?

Answer 25

emotions, smoke, weather changes, strong odors, stress, irritants, trauma, spicy foods, alcohol

Question 26

What occurs histologically in atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 26

nasal mucous membrane changes from ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium

Question 27

What are the symptoms of atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 27

anosmia/hyposmia, epistaxis, nasal congestion, ozoena from progressive atrophy of nasal mucosa and bone, foul-smelling d/c

Question 28

What is seen on a PE for atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 28

yellow/green crusts, dry/shiny membranes

Question 29

What is seen on a PE for vasomotor rhinitis?

Answer 29

swollen inferior nasal turbinates, dark red to bluish mucosa, may have no d/c

Question 30

What is seen on a PE for acute rhinitis?

Answer 30

erythematous, mucosa swelling, low fever

Question 31

what are the symptoms of acute rhinitis?

Answer 31

watery d/c, sneezing, mouth breathing, malaise

Question 32

Eosinophilia may be present in this condition when the d/c is stained

Answer 32

allergic rhinitis

Question 33

What are the symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

Answer 33

itchy nose/eyes, lacrimation, watery d/c, nasal obstruction, sneezing, allergic solute, allergic shiners, halitosis

Question 34

What is seen on a PE for allergic rhinitis?

Answer 34

red mucosa, if chronic = pale, bluish mucosa, enlarged adenoids, atopic dermatitis, asthma

Question 35

What is ozoena?

Answer 35

atrophic rhinitis marked by mucopurulent d/c, fetor, and mucosal crusting