Nose and Paranasal sinuses Flashcards
1st part of upper respiratory tract
Warms
humidifies
filters
Olfactory region
Confined to the superior portion of the nasal cavity
Blood supply to nose
Opthalmic artery
Maxillary artery- supply skin
Facial artery branches- supply skin of the ala and lower part of the nasal septum
Innervation to nose
V1 (external branch of the anterior ethmoid nerve)- superior aspect of the nose to tip
V2(infraorbital nerve)- inferior and lateral aspects of the nose, nares, up to the lower eyelids
Roof of nasal cavity
Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
Floor of nasal cavity
Superior surface of the hard palate
medial wall of nasal cavity
Osteocartilaginous septum
Posterior limit of nasal cavity
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone and vomer
Lateral wall of nasal cavity
Superior/middle turbinates- ethmoid bone
inferior turbinates- maxilla
perpendicular plate- palatine bone
Inferior meatus
Nasolacrimal duct
Middle meatus
Maxillary sinus–> via semilunar hiatus
Frontal sinus–> via frontonasal duct- anterior ethmoidal cells drain into frontonasal duct
Middle ethmoidal cells
Superior meatus
Posterior ethmoidal cells
Sphenoid sinus drains
onto posterior roof of nasal cavity
-sphenoethmoidal recess
Terminal branch of maxillary artery
-most of blood supply to nasal cavity
Sphenopalatine artery
Supplied by sphenopalatine artery
-posterior lateral nasal branch
nasopalatine artery
Length of hard palate
-supplies anterior portion of nasal septum
Greater palatine artery
Supplies superior portion of the nose
anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries from opthalmic artery
Vestibule blood supply
Superior labial artery from facial artery
Branches from both internal and external carotid arteries
Kiesselbach’s area
Entirely sensory
Maxillary nerve V2
associated with pterygopalatine ganglion
What nerve supplies lateral wall
anterior ethmoidal nerve- branch of V1
and some of V2
What nerve supplies the medial wall
nasopalatine nerve- V2
and branches of anterior ethmoidal nerve- V1
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Parasympathetic- preganglionic fibers- associated with maxillary V2- secretomotor
Greater petrosal nerve- branch of facial
Drain into the sphenoethmoidal recess
Sphenoid sinuses
Drain into the anterior portion of the middle meatus
Frontal sinues- frontonasal duct
Drains into the frontonasal duct
Anterior ethmoid sinus
Drains into the middle meatus
middle group of ethmoid sinus
Drains into the superior meatus
Posterior group of ethmoid sinus
drains into the middle meatus via hiatus semilunaris
Maxillary sinus
Nasal bone fractures
May result in fracture of cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
-CSF rhinorrhea- leakage of CSF fluid into nose
Nasal foreign body
Most common regions- anterior to middle turbinate/below the inferior turbinate
R sided are 2x as common
Rhinoliths- if left for long period of time
Epistaxis
Nose bleed
-Mucosa is eroded and the vessels become exposed and break
90% of bleeds- occur anteriorly from kiesselbach’s plexus
Posterior bleeds- involve branches of the sphenopalatine artery- greater risk of airway compromise
Paranasal sinusitis
condition caused by congestion of infection within a sinus
Trigeminal neuralgia
Condition associated with excruciating pain that radiates over the dermatome of the maxillary nerve- tic douloureux
causes- compression of CN V/ demyelination of parent nerve trunk or its branches
What artery is the major source of blood supply to the nose and which foramen does it enter the nasal cavity
Sphenopalatine artery
SPhenopalatine foramen
Five arteries that anastomose on the nasal septum making up kiesselbach’s area
anterior ethmoidal artery posterior ethmoidal artery nasopalatine artery greater palatine artery superior labial artery
- point where branches from both internal and external carotid arteries converge
The deep petrosal nerve is composed of what fibers
Postganglionic sympathetics
