Lungs

Question 1

Parietal pleura

Answer 1

Covers boundaries of thoracic cavity

Question 2

Visceral pleura

Answer 2

Covers lungs

Question 3

Phrenic nerve

Answer 3

C3-C5

-supplies much of the diaphragmatic pleura

Question 4

Conducting portion of lungs

Answer 4

Trachea- bifurcates at carina
Bronchi- right & left
Secondary Bronchi- right & left
Tertiary bronchi- functionally independent units
Terminal bronchiole- beginning of terminal ventilator unit

Question 5

Right principal bronchus

Answer 5

Wider, shorter and more vertical than the left

-more susceptible to foreign objects

Question 6

Left principal bronchus

Answer 6

Longer and narrower than right

Question 7

Secondary bronchi- right side

Answer 7

Three secondary

• superior
• middle
• inferior

Question 8

Secondary bronchi- left side

Answer 8

Two secondary

• superior
• inferior

Question 9

Tertiary bronchi

Answer 9

Disease processes common

each tertiary bronchi gives rise to numerous bronchioles

Question 10

Terminal bronchiole

Answer 10

used solely for conduction of air

Question 11

respiratory portion of lungs

Answer 11

Respiratory bronchiole
Alveolar ducts- form alveolar sacs
Alveoli

Question 12

Type I alveolar epithelial cells

Answer 12

Specialized for gas exchange

Question 13

Type II alveolar epithelial cells

Answer 13

Produce surfactant

-reduce the surface tension at the blood-air interface

Question 14

Pulmonary Arteries

Answer 14

Carry deoxygenated blood from the RV

Question 15

Pulmonary veins

Answer 15

intersegmental veins form the R and L superior and R and L inferior veins
-return oxygenated blood to the LA

Question 16

Lymphatic drainage Primary and secondary

Answer 16

Primary- capture excess fluid and prevent accumulation

Secondary- cleansing the interstitial fluid

Question 17

Superficial and deep lymphatic plexi

Answer 17

Superficial- fluid drains into the bronchopulmonary/hilar nodes
Deep- drain substance of the lungs

Question 18

Pulmonary plexus

Answer 18

Mixture of- parasym, sym, and visceral afferent fibers

Question 19

Parasym of pul plexus

Answer 19

innervate the smooth musculature of the airways

-controls size and secretory activity

Question 20

Sym of pul plexus

Answer 20

associated with the smooth musculature of the walls of blood vessels- fibers often act as bronchodilators
also inhibits secretory activity

Question 21

Vagal afferent fibers

Answer 21

initiate cough refle
respond to stretch
prevent over expansion of lungs
limit inspiration
Pulmonary arteries- pressoreceptors- BP
Pulmonary veins- Chemoreceptors- blood gas level

Question 22

Enlarge tracheobronchial nodes

Answer 22

Distort the position of the trachea

Question 23

Enlarged pulmonary/bronchopulmonary nodes

Answer 23

may obstruct the confuting portion of an airway

causes SOB and/or chronic cough

Question 24

Increased size and/or proliferation of bronchopulmonary nodes on the L side

Answer 24

May compress the recurrent laryngeal nerve

-noticeable ∆ voice quality

Question 25

most pain associated with the lungs is transmitted by

Answer 25

afferent fibers contained within the intercostal and phrenic nerves that supply the parietal pleura

Question 26

Pancoast syndrome

Answer 26

involves sympathetic trunk

Question 27

The pain detected by the afferent fibers from the bronchi that accompany sympathetics

Answer 27

Referred pain over the anterior chest wall

Question 28

Emphysema

Answer 28

Visible distortion and enlargement of the airways distal to the terminal bronchioles

• loss of important elastic fibers
• destruction of elastin– excessive elastase- neutrophils and macrophages- increase in # of smokers- a1- antityrpsin deficiency

Question 29

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Answer 29

deep and narrow space btwn thoracic wall and diaphragm

critical when performing invasive procedures or evaluating a pt with a penetrating wound to the thorax

Question 30

What nerves supply sensory fibers to the parietal pleura

Answer 30

Intercostal nerves