nose and ears Flashcards
1
Q
Functions:
Smell
Breathing
Filtration of dust
Humidification of inspired a
Contributes in the resonance of voice
Reception and elimination of secretions
A
nose
2
Q
Visible part of the nose that projects from the face
A
external nose
3
Q
extends from the root or radix to the apex or nasal tip
A
dorsum
4
Q
Each inferior surface is pierced by 2 piriform openings called the
A
nares or nostril
5
Q
Junction of the nasal bone and cartilage
A
rhinion
6
Q
External surface found between both nostril that connects from the nasal tip to subnasale
A
columella
7
Q
2 important structures of external nose framework
A
Nasal bone
Septal Cartilage
8
Q
Lines by epithelium same as the skin “stratified squamous”
Different from the nasal cavity because it is lined by stratified squamous epithelium rather than a respiratory epithelium
A
nasal vestibule
9
Q
hair-like structures in the nasal vestibule
A
vibrissae
10
Q
Divides the nose into two nasal cavities
A
nasal septum
11
Q
bony and cartilaginous portions of nasal septum
A
Cartilaginous portion: septal cartilage
Bony portions: perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone & vomer
12
Q
located at the posteroinferior portion of the nasal septum that is attached to the nasal floor (which is the MAXILLARY & PALATINE BONE)
A
vomer
13
Q
portion of the septum contains the olfactory area for smelling
A
superior
14
Q
separates the nasal cavity of the brain
A
cribriform plate
15
Q
Lined mainly by respiratory epithelium and a portion of olfactory epithelium at the superior aspect of your nasal septum and superior turbinate
A
nasal cavity
16
Q
nasal cavity connect posteriorly to the nasopharynx via the
A
choana
17
Q
are narrowed areas of the internal nose
A
nasal valves
18
Q
types of nasal valves
A
internal and external
19
Q
At the lateral aspect of the nasal cavity, 3 bony projections can be found𑁋 these are
A
superior, middle, and inferior turbinates or the nasal conchae
20
Q
Receives drainage from sphenoid and posterior ethmoid sinus
is a narrow passage between the superior and the middle nasal conchae into which the posterior ethmoidal sinuses open by one or more orifices (Moore’s)
A
superior meatus
21
Q
Accepts mucus from frontal, maxillary, and anterior ethmoid sinus
Longer and deeper than the superior one (Moore’s)
A
middle meatus
22
Q
from nasolacrimal duct; nasolacrimal duct drains tears from the lacrimal sac, and opens into the anterior part of this meatus
horizontal passage inferolateral to the inferior nasal concha (Moore’s)
A
inferior meatus
23
Q
The external nose is predominantly supplied by the _______ coming from the _______
A
angular artery; facial artery
24
Q
Other blood supply of the external nose:
A
Lateral Nasal Artery (from Maxillary Artery)
Dorsal Nasal Artery (from Ophthalmic Artery)
Columellar and Septal Artery (from Superior Labial Artery
25
Sensory innervation of the external nose is mainly derived from the
trigeminal nerve CN V
26
Sensory innervation of the external nose is mainly derived from the
Trigeminal nerve---Opthalmic nerve----nasocialiary nerve----anterior ethmoidal nerve and infratrochlear nerve
maxillary nerve---infraorbital nerve
27
The main blood supply of the nasal cavity comes from the
sphenopalatine artery
28
Most common site involved in epistaxis (or nose bleeding)
Kiesselbach area
29
Kiesselbach area Receives blood from
Sphenopalatine artery,
Greater palatine artery,
Superior labial artery
Anterior ethmoidal arteries
Posterior ethmoidal arteries
30
Innervation of nasal cavity comes from
your trigeminal nerve, mainly your Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) and your Maxillary nerve (CN V2)
31
What sinus?
Located in the frontal bone
Detectable at 7 years of age
Known to retain almost 90% of its mucus, making it prone to inflammation or sinusitis
frontal sinus
32
What sinus?
Present at birth but detectable in X-rays at 2 years of age
separated by the basal lamina of the middle turbinate into what?
ethmoid sinus
33
a thin bony wall which lies lateral to the ethmoids
Wall of the orbit
Any injury to this wall will create a communication between the nose and the eye
Lamina Papyracea
34
Contributes majority of the mucus production
Floor is closely related to the 1st and 2nd molars, making it at risk for spread of dental diseases
Present at birth
Largest sinus
maxillary sinus
35
Develops 2 years after birth
In some individuals, the lateral aspect of this sinus might be dehiscent (may lack bony coverage), especially if it is well pneumatized (extensively air-filled)
sphenoid sinus
36
sphenoid sinus is close to
Close to the Pituitary gland superiorly
Close to the Internal Carotid Artery and the Optic Nerve laterally
37
In surface anatomy, this structure connects the nasal lip to the subnasale
A. Rhinion
B. Columella
C. Radix
D. Nasal Septum
B
38
Which of the following is the main blood supply of the external nose?
A. Angular artery
B. Sphenopalatine artery
C. Greater Palatine artery
D. Lateral Nasal Artery
A.
39
The inferior-posterior portion of the nasal cavity is innervated by this nerve.
A. Ophthalmic branch of the Trigeminal nerve
B. Maxillary branch of the Trigeminal nerve
C. Mandibular branch of the Trigeminal nerve
D. Facial nerve
B
40
These dentitions are closely related to the maxillary sinuses and may cause a spread of odontogenic (dental) diseases to the sinus.
A. Central and Lateral Incisors
B. Canines
C. 1st and 2nd Premolars
D. 1st and 2nd Molars
D.
41
Which of the following structures is located and sitting on the roof of Sphenoid Sinus?
A. Internal Carotid artery
B. Optic nerve
C. Pituitary gland
D. Cribriform plate
C.
42
3 divisions of ear
external, middle, and internal/inner ear
43
What division of ear?
Start: auricle
End: at the tympanic membrane/eardrum
external
44
What division of ear?
Starts at the eardrum and continues to the tympanic cavity
Going to the mastoid posteriorly; and
To the eustachian tube anteromedially
middle ear
45
What division of ear?
Embedded in the petrous portion of the temporal bone
internal ear
46
collects sound in the external ear
pinna or auricle
47
conduct sounds to tympanic membrane
External Auditory Canal or External Acoustic Meatus
48
contents of external ear
Pinna or Auricle
External Auditory Canal or External Acoustic Meatus
Fissure of Santorini
Foramen of Huschke
Tympanic Membrane
49
innervation of external ear
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
Vagus Nerve (CN X)
50
Composed of an irregularly shaped plate of elastic cartilage that is covered by thin skin.
Surface has several depressions and elevations.
pinna or auricle
51
outermost cartilaginous rim (superiorly)
helix
52
adjacent elevation of helix
antihelix
53
tongue-like projection overlapping the opening of the ear
tragus
54
valley-like landmark
intertragic notch
55
posterior continuation of the intertragic notch
antitragic notch
56
for earring insertion
Noncartilaginous
Consist of fibrous tissue, fat, blood vessels
lobule
57
concave cartilage separated by the crus of the helix dividing it into
concha:
cymba
cavum
58
which part of the external ear came from the 1st pharyngeal arch
Tragus and Helix
59
which part of the external ear came from the 2nd pharyngeal arch
Antitragus, Antihelix, and Lobule
60
blood supply of the auricle
Posterior auricular artery and superficial temporal artery, both branches of the external carotid artery.
61
lymphatic drainage of the auricle
Primary nodes: Superficial parotid and mastoid lymph nodes
62
An ear canal leading to the tympanic membrane.
Approximately 2–3 cm in length in adults.
S-shaped tube with a narrow space called?
external auditory canal
isthmus
63
segments of the external auditory canal
Outer 1/3 - Cartilaginous
Inner 2/3 - Bony
64
which segment of the external auditory canal
Contains ceruminous and sebaceous glands.
Includes the fissure of Santorini, allowing potential infection spread from the ear canal to the parotid gland
cartilaginous .
65
Which segment of the external auditory canal?
Includes the foramen of Huschke
Typically devoid of earwax
bony
66
innervation of the superior-anterior external auditory canal
trigeminal nerve
67
innervation of the inferior-posterior external auditory canal
vagus nerve
68
what nerve is affected in the cough reflex
arnold's nerve
69
Thin, oval, semi-transparent, membrane at the middle end of the ear canal which is visualized in a magnified view using the otoscope
tympanic membrane
70
tympanic memberane has a shallow, central depression in the middle which is called the
umbo
71
This is where the tip of the handle of the malleus ends
umbo
72
The eardrum is fixed peripherally to a fibrocartilaginous called
annulus fibrosus
73
2 portions of tympanic membrane
pars tensa, pars flaccida
74
In relation to the malleus, the superior to inferior vertical diameter is _____; the horizontal diameter is ____
9-10 mm, 8-9 mm
75
is a narrow, air-filled chamber
middle ear cavity and tympanic cavity
76
contents of the middle ear
Ossicles (Malleus, Incus, and Stapes)
Stapedius and Tensor Tympani Muscles
Chorda Tympani Nerve
Tympanic Plexus of the nerves
77
parts of the middle ear cavity
epitympanum, tympanic cavity proper, mesotympanum
78
space superior to the membrane
epitympanum.
79
space immediately medial to the eardrum (behind the eardrum)
tympanic cavity proper
80
Space inferior to the level of the tympanic membrane or along the floor of the ear canal
mesotympanum
81
walls of the tympanic cavity
Tegmental wall (roof)
Jugular wall (floor)
Membranous wall (lateral)
Labyrinthine wall (medial)
Cochlear Promontory (medial wall)
Mastoid wall (posterior)
Carotid wall (anterior)
82
Wall of the jugular bulb
Landmark for the jugular bulb of the internal jugular vein
jugular wall
83
Cochlear Promontory (medial wall), oval and round windows
labyrinthine wall
84
Mastoid, stapedius and facial nerve
Occupies the mastoid process
mastoid wall
85
Internal Carotid artery, tensor tympani muscle and the pharyngotympanic tube (eustachian tube)
carotid wall
86
Connects the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx
pharyngotympanic tube or eustachian tube
87
segments of the eustachian tube
1/3 cartilaginous (outer), 2/3 bony segment (inner)
88
The only way for the middle ear to equalize pressure is by releasing it to the nasopharynx. This process is mainly achieved by the action of the muscles of the soft palate.
Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
89
blood supply of the eustachian tube
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Middle meningeal artery
90
innervation of the eustachian tube
CN IX Glossopharyngeal (Jacobson’s nerve) - also responsible for referred pain in the ear in patients with tonsillitis
91
Which of the following is the Medial Border of the External Ear?
A. Promontory
B. Auricle
C. Tegmen
D. Tympanic membrane
D
92
A nerve that innervates the external canal that is responsible for cough reflex during ear cleaning
A. Trigeminal nerve
B. Chorda tympani
C. Arnold’s nerve
D. Jacobson’s nerve
C
93
Which of the following statements is correct?
A. The external ear consists of a cartilaginous outer one-third and bony inner two-third portions
B. The external ear consists of a cartilaginous outer two-thirds and bony inner two-thirds portions
C. The external ear consists of a cartilaginous outer one-fourth and bony inner three-fourth portions
D. The external ear consists of a cartilaginous outer three-fourth and bony inner one-fourth portions
A
94
Which portion of the eardrum does not move during vibration?
A. Pars tensa
B. Pars flacci
C. Cone of light
D. Umbo
B
95
This is described as the dilated end of each semicircular canal.
A. Ampulla
B. Saccule
C. Utricle
D. Promontory
A
96
form a mobile chain of small bones across the tympanic cavity from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.
These small bones are the first to be fully ossified during development and are essentially mature at birth.
ossicles.
97
Embedded and attached to the tympanic membrane at its handle or manubrium
Head on the other end is connected to the incus with a diarthrodial joint
malleous/hammer
98
Body: attached with Malleus
Long process: attached with Stapes
Mainly found in the epitympanic recess where its long process runs inferomedially then unites with the stapes
incus/ anvil
99
Oval window
Smallest ossicle
Articulates with the oval window via a syndesmotic joint as it transfers sound energy into the cochlea
stapes/ stirrups
100
joints of the ossicles
Malleo-incudal joint - diarthrodial joint
Incudo-stapedial joint - diarthrodial joint
Stapedial to oval window - syndesmotic joint
101
Short muscle that arises from the superior surface of the cartilaginous portion of the eustachian tube, greater wing of the sphenoid and the petrous part of the temporal bone
Inserts into the malleus, and pulls the handle medially, tensing the eardrum
tensor tympani
102
innervation of tensor tympani
CN V trigeminal nerve
103
Tiny muscle inside the pyramidal eminence
Inserts into the neck of the stapes, and tilts is base in the oval window
stapedius
104
innervation of stapedius
facial nerve CN VII
105
labyrinth or
vestibucochlear organ
106
Shell-shaped part of the bony labyrinth that contains the cochlear duct
Begins at the vestibule & makes 2.5 turns around a bony middle core
cochlea
107
what is the body middle core of the cochlea
modiolus
108
what are the semicircular canals
Anterior (or superior), posterior, & lateral (or horizontal) semicircular canals
109
~1.5 mm in diameter
Each canal has a dilated end called ?
semicircular canals; ampulla
110
vestibule contains the?
Contains:
Saccule
Utricle
Oval Window
Round Window
Vestibular Aqueduct
111
important in maintaining balance
saccule and utricle
112
connects the inner ear to POS canal fossa while containing the endolymphatic duct
vestibular aqueduct
113
which compartment ?
The otic capsule of the petrous bone covering the cochlea, semicircular canals, & vestibule
Containing perilymph fluid
bony labyrinth
114
which compartment?
Series of communicating sacs & ducts that are suspended in the bony labyrinth
Containing endolymph fluid
membranous labyrinth
115
A narrow canal that runs laterally (approximately 1 cm within the petrous bone)
Its opening is in the posterior-medial part of the bone
internal acoustic meatus/internal auditory canal
116
internal auditory canal contains
Facial Nerve
Cochlear Nerve
Superior Vestibular Nerve
Inferior Vestibular Nerve
117
divides the superior and inferior compartments
crista falciformis
118
Separates the anterior and posterior compartments in the Superior compartment.
bill's bar/ vertical crest
