head and neck (2) Flashcards
1
Q
True or False
The muscles of mastication and facial expression have different nerve supply.
A
TRUE
Mastication: CNV3
Facial expression: CN VII (facial nerve)
2
Q
This bone forms part of the nasal septum?
A. Sphenoid bone
B. Nasal bone
C. Ethmoid bone
D. Frontal bone
A
C
3
Q
Most commonly fractured bone in the FACE
A
nasal bone
4
Q
Most commonly fractured bone in the MANDIBLE
A
Condylar process of mandible
5
Q
immovable or fixed joint; formed by a union of adjacent bony structures held together by immovable/fixed joint.
A
suture
6
Q
point or a landmark where the coronal suture intersects with the sagittal suture
A
bregma
7
Q
the bony case of the brain and its membranous coverings, the cranial meninges
A
neurocranium
8
Q
dome-like roof of the neurocranium
A
calvaria (skullcap)
9
Q
a floor or cranial base
A
(basicranium)
10
Q
bones forming the calvaria
A
frontal, parietal, and occipital formed by intramembranous ossification
11
Q
bones contributing to the cranial base
A
sphenoidal and temporal formed by endochondral ossification
12
Q
NEUROCRANIUM (4 single, 2 paired)
A
Ethmoid
Frontal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
13
Q
Consists of the bones surrounding the mouth (upper and lower jaws), nose/nasal cavity, and most of the orbits (eye sockets or orbital cavities)
A
viscerocranium
14
Q
VISCEROCRANIUM (6 *Paired, 2 single)
A
Zygomatic*
Inferior nasal concha*
Maxilla*
Nasal*
Palatine*
Lacrimal*
Vomer (1)
Mandible (1)
15
Q
Separates the frontal and parietal bones
A
coronal suture
16
Q
Separates the parietal bones
A
sagittal suture
17
Q
Separates the parietal and temporal bones from the occipital bones
A
lambdoid suture
18
Q
Separates the squamous part of the temporal bone from the parietal bone
A
SQUAMOUS SUTURE
19
Q
Separates the greater wing of the sphenoid from the squamous part of the temporal bone
A
SPHENOSQUAMOUS SUTURE
20
Q
This suture is where the two parietal bones articulate in the midline posteriorly
Lambdoid suture
Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
Bregma
A
C
21
Q
craniometric point Between Coronal and Sagittal sutures
A
Bregma
22
Q
craniometric point Between Sagittal and Lambdoid sutures
A
lambda
23
Q
Thinnest part of skull
Usually indicated by an H-shaped formation of sutures that unite the frontal, parietal, sphenoid (great wing), and temporal bones
A
pterion
Clinical implication
Vulnerable to fracture
Fractures can cause intracranial bleeding, as pterion overlies anterior division of middle meningeal artery and vein
24
Q
Posterior counterpart of pterion
Formed by the union of occipital, temporal, and parietal
A
asterion
25
Orbit boundaries
Roof: frontal, lesser wing of sphenoid
Lateral: zygomatic, “greater wing” of sphenoid
Medial: lacrimal, ethmoid, maxillary, lesser wing
Inferior: maxillary, palatine, zygomatic bones
26
What is the difference between a concha and a meatus?
Concha is a bony projection while meatus is a space or depression formed between the 2 conchae.
27
After a car accident the driver was noted to have a clear fluid (apparently CSF) draining from his nose. The bone which is most likely fractured is the ______?
Frontal
Ethmoid
Nasal
Lacrimal
B
Why the Ethmoid Bone?
Note that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is part of a closed system and does not typically leak.
A skull fracture can cause CSF to leak if the protective barrier is breached.
The leakage occurs through a point of exit, such as the nasal cavity, causing CSF to drain out through the nostrils.’
The ethmoid bone is situated at the roof of the nasal cavity, making it a critical structure between the cranial and nasal spaces.
Which Part of the Ethmoid Bone is Fractured?
The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone is the most vulnerable part.
It is thin and porous, containing numerous small holes for the passage of olfactory nerve fibers.
Dali ra sya ma injure because of its delicate structure (similar to the texture of a cracker like "SkyFlakes").
A fracture in the cribriform plate allows CSF to escape into the nasal cavity, leading to nasal discharge.
28
where CSF leaks into the nasal cavity.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea
29
The CRIBRIFORM PLATE is found in which of the following structure/s?
Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa
None of the above
A.
Why anterior? Because it is part of the ethmoid bone which is part of the anterior cranial fossa
30
How many cranial fossa?
3 (anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae)
31
boundaries of anterior cranial fossa
Anterior: frontal bone
Medial: ethmoid
Posterior: body and lesser wing of sphenoid
32
boundaries of middle cranial fossa
Anterior: lesser wing of sphenoid
Posterior: superior borders of petrous parts of temporal bones
Lateral: squamous parts of temporal bones,
greater wings of sphenoid, parietal bones
33
boundaries of posterior cranial fossa
Anterior: Superior border of petrous part of
temporal bone
Superior: Internal surface of squamous part of
occipital bone
34
Other contents of the Anterior Cranial Fossa?
crista galli
35
Clinically, what is the most common event that happens in the anterior cranial fossa?
fractures
36
What will be the manifestations of fractures in the anterior cranial fossa?
Rhinorrhea: Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the nose.
Epistaxis: Bleeding from the nose.
Anosmia: Loss of sense of smell (because the olfactory nerve is located in the anterior cranial fossa).
Exophthalmos: Protrusion of the eyeball (because the frontal bone is part of the orbit, and a fracture in the orbital plate of the frontal bone can cause this).
37
This is where the pituitary gland is located.
It is surrounded by various structures within the middle cranial fossa.
sella turcica
38
Why is the middle cranial fossa vulnerable to fractures?
The middle cranial fossa has numerous foramina (holes or openings). These openings increase its brittleness, making it more prone to fractures during trauma
39
What will be the manifestations of fractures in the middle cranial fossa?
Cerebrospinal Ottorhea- Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from ear
What about other manifestations?
Double vision
Optic chiasm
Hemianopsia
Damage to the Pituitary gland
Damage to Cranial Nerve (CN)
CN - III, IV, VI, VII, VIII
40
What are the foramina in Posterior Cranial Fossa?
Foramen magnum
Jugular foramen
Hypoglossal foramen
Internal acoustic meatus
41
What is the presentation of a patient with Posterior Cranial Fossa Fracture?
Battle sign - Blood will escape to the back part of the neck ( a hematoma)
42
What is the presentation of a patient with Anterior Cranial Fossa Fracture?
Raccoon eye - unilateral or bilateral progressive periorbital ecchymosis; pooling of blood around the eyes
43
Which of the following structures does not pass on Jugular foramen?
Vagus nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Sigmoid
Facial Nerve
Answer: Facial Nerve
* Facial nerve passes to the Stylomastoid foramen
44
contents of optic canal
CN II and ophthalmic arteries
45
contents Superior orbital fissure
CN V1, CN III, IV, VI, ophthalmic veins
46
contents Foramen rotundum
CN V2
47
contents Foramen ovale
CN V3, accessory meningeal artery
48
contents Foramen spinosum
Middle meningeal artery and vein
Meningeal branch of V3
49
contents Foramen lacerum
Deep petrosal nerve
50
contents Groove or hiatus of greater petrosal nerve
Greater petrosal nerve and petrosal branch o middle meningeal artery
51
contents Foramen cecum
Nasal emissary vein (1% of population)
52
contents Cribriform foramina in cribriform plate
Axons of olfactory cells in olfactory epithelium that form olfactory nerve
53
contents Anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina
Vessels and nerves with same names
54
The OPTIC NERVE enters the orbit passing through the OPTIC CANAL is accompanied by the?
Ophthalmic Artery
Suspensory ligemnts of the eye
Ophthalmic Vein
Trochlear nerve
A.
The ophthalmic vein passes through the superior orbital fissure (SOF)
55
Optic canal passes through what part of the sphenoid?
lesser wing
56
Foramen spinosum, ovale, and rotundum passes through what part of the sphenoid?
greater wing
57
The superior orbital fissure passes through what part of the sphenoid?
both the greater and lesser wing
58
Foramen magnum
CN XI (spinal roots of accessory nerve), vertebral arteries, medulla oblongata
59
Jugular foramen
CN IX, X, XI, internal jugular vein ⭐️
60
Hypoglossal canal
CN XII
61
Internal acoustic meatus
CN VII facial nerve , VIII vetibulocochlear nerve
62
Note: this is the nerve that is blocked with the anesthetics during tooth extraction
Inferior alveolar nerve
63
Attachment of the temporalis muscle
Coronoid process
64
Part of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
Condylar process ⭐️
65
Stabilizes the mandible
Lateral temporomandibular ligament,
Sphenomandibular ligament,
Stylomandibular ligament
66
Diamond shaped
Found at area of bregma
Closes at 18 months
anterior fontanelle
67
Triangle shaped
Found at area of lambda
Closes at 12 months
posterior fontanelle
68
horizontal fracture of one or both maxilla at the level of the nasal floor
Le Fort I
69
pyramidal-shaped fracture that includes horizontal fracture of both maxilla extending superiorly through maxillary sinuses, infraorbital foramina and ethmoid to the bridge of the nose
Le Fort II
70
Le Fort II + horizontal fracture through superior orbital fissure, ethmoidal and nasal bones, greater wings of sphenoidal bones and zygomatic bones, also known as craniofacial dysjunction
Le Fort III
71
Which of the following layers of the scalp contains the emissary veins?
Skin
Aponeurotic
Loose areolar tissue
Periosteum
C.
What is the clinical implication of the emissary veins?
It can be a path for the spread of infection from wounds in the scalp (must be treated immediately).
72
layers of scalp
Clinical Correlation
Wounds in scalp bleed profusely
Wounds superficial to aponeurosis gap much less
Infections can be transmitted from the scalp to the cranial cavity because there are no valves and backflow is permitted
Most common sites for sebaceous cysts
Skin
Connective Tissue - vascular layer (contains arteries & veins)
Aponeurosis - expanded connective tissue between the frontalis and occipitalis, injury to this layer will cause wound gaping due to the pull of the two muscles
Loose Areolar Tissue
Pericranium
73
A flat digastric muscle with two parts that share a common tendon—epicranial aponeurosis.
occipitofrontalis
Occipital belly (Occipitalis)
Has bony attachments
Retracts the scalp
Posterior auricular branch of CN VII
Frontal belly (Frontalis)
Has no bony attachments
Protracts the scalp
Temporal branch of CN VII
74
muscles of the eyelids
orbicularis oculi
corrugator supercili
75
Closes the eyelids & wrinkles the forehead vertically
orbicularis oculi
3 parts:
76
Originates from the medial palpebral ligament
Found mostly within the eyelids
Gently closes the eyelids (blinking or sleep) to prevent corneal drying
which part of orbicularis oculi
palpebral
77
Located posterior to the lacrimal sac
Draws the eyelids medially to facilitate the drainage of tears into the lacrimal sac
which part of orbicularis oculi
lacrimal
78
Overlies the orbital rim
Attached medially to the frontal bone & maxilla
Tightly closes the eyelids (squinting or winking) to protect against glare & dust/strong stimulus/pain
which part of the orbicularis oculi
orbital
79
The muscle that wrinkles the skin over the bridge of the nose?
Compressor naris
Procerus
Dilator naris
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
B.
80
Encircles the mouth & controls entry/exit at the oral fissure (opening of lips)
Important for articulation (speech)
The first sphincter of the alimentary system
Chief intrinsic muscle of the lips
orbicularis oris
81
A thin, flat, rectangular muscle in the cheek.
Attaches to:
Alveolar processes of the maxilla & mandible (opposite the molars)
Pterygomandibular raphe
Located deeper & closer to the buccal mucosa than the skin
buccinator
blowing muscle
82
QUESTION # 8
The chief INTRINSIC musculature of the lips?
Orbicularis oris
Levator anguli oris
Orbicularis oculi
Levator labii superioris
A.
83
Broad, thin muscle in the subcutaneous tissue of the neck.
Covers the anterolateral aspect of the neck.
Functions:
Superior attachment:
Tenses the skin, creating vertical skin ridges (conveys great stress)
Relieves pressure on superficial veins
Inferior attachment:
Depresses the mandible
Draws the corners of the mouth inferiorly (grimace)
platysma
84
A CENTRAL lesion of the FACIAL NERVE produces motor deficit on the?
Ipsilateral lower quadrant of the face
Contralateral lower quadrant of the face
Ipsilateral half of the face
Contralateral half of the face
B
85
Central Lesion of the facial nerve; lower half of the face is affected
Patient is still capable of:
Blinking/closing the eyes
Raising eyebrows
Wrinkling of the forehead
ASYMMETRICAL smile
Nasolabial fold will be flat
Cannot fully close the mouth
Paralysis of the extremities will solidify the diagnosis
Stroke
86
Peripheral Lesion of the facial nerve
Upper and Lower is paralyzed
Bell's Palsy
87
Elevators of the mandible (closes the mouth)
MMT
Internal/medial pterygoid
Temporalis
Masseter
88
Protractor of the jaw
Depressor of the mandible (opens the mouth)
External/ Lateral pterygoid
89
Depressor of the mandible (opens the mouth)
Suprahyoid muscles (DGMS)
Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
90
muscles for mastication:
Nerve supply: mandibular division of CN V
except the posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid innervated by CN VII, geniohyoid by C1
remember
91
QUESTION # 10
Which of the following muscles of mastication PROTRACTS the jaw?
Masseter
Temporalis
Lateral Pterygoid
Medial Pterygoid
C
92
Elevation (close mouth)
Temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid
93
Depression (open mouth)
Lateral pterygoid, and suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles*
94
Protrusion (protrude chin)
Lateral pterygoid, masseter, and medial pterygoid**
95
Retrusion (retrude chin)
Temporalis (posterior oblique and near horizontal fibers) and masseter
96
Lateral movements (grinding and chewing)
Temporalis of same side, pterygoids of opposite side, and masseter
97
Covers the anterolateral aspect of the neck
Acting from its superior attachment → tenses the skin
Acting from its inferior attachment → depress the mandible and draw the corners of the mouth inferiorly (grimace)
Nerve supply: cervical branch of CN VII
platysma
98
Divides each side of the neck into the anterior and lateral cervical triangles
ORIGIN (TWO HEADS)
Sternal head (attached to the manubrium)
Clavicular head (attached to the superior surface of the medial third of the clavicle)
⭐️ INSERTION
Mastoid process (temporal bone)
Superior nuchal line (occipital bone)
sternocleidomastoid
99
nerve supply of sternocleidomastoid
Nerve supply: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI, motor); C2 and C3 nerves (pain and proprioception)
100
Suprahyoid muscles depresses mandible, give me the muscles:
Mylohyoid (CN V): forms floor of the oral cavity, submandibular gland
Geniohyoid (C1)
Stylohyoid (CN VII)
Digastric
Anterior belly (CN V / Trigeminal Nerve)
Posterior belly (CN VII / Facial Nerve)
101
Infrahyoid fixes/depresses the hyoid, give me the muscles:
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid (Inferior belly, Superior belly)
Nerve supply: Ansacervicalis C1-C3
102
Structures in between the scalene muscles
Brachial plexus
Subclavian Artery
*Implication of these structures: Possible compression if there is fracture or tension of the muscles
103
2 main triangles of the neck:
Anterior Triangle
Posterior Triangle
104
ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
Anterior: median line of the neck
Posterior: anterior border of the SCM
Superior: inferior border of the mandible
Roof: subcutaneous tissue containing the platysma
Floor: pharynx, larynx and thyroid gland
105
anterior triangle Subdivided into FOUR smaller triangles by what muscles
DIGASTRIC (anterior and posterior bellies) and OMOHYOID muscles (superior and inferior bellies)
106
FOUR smaller triangles
SUBMENTAL (INFERIOR TO CHIN) TRIANGLE
SUBMANDIBULAR/DIGASTRIC TRIANGLE
CAROTID TRIANGLE
MUSCULAR (OMOTRACHEAL) TRIANGLE
107
Submental lymph nodes
Small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein
SUBMENTAL (INFERIOR TO CHIN) TRIANGLE
108
Submandibular gland and lymph node
Submandibular LN is palpable when swollen (ex. due to tooth decay, Scrofular lymphadenitis in TB)
Hypoglossal nerves (CN XIII)
Parts of the facial artery and vein, submental artery
Branch of Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
SUBMANDIBULAR/DIGASTRIC TRIANGLE
109
Carotid sheath
Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Hypoglossal nerve
Internal and external laryngeal nerve
Accessory and Vagus nerve
Part of the chain of the deep cervical lymph nodes
CAROTID TRIANGLE
110
Infrahyoid muscles and viscera (thyroid and parathyroid glands)
MUSCULAR (OMOTRACHEAL) TRIANGLE
111
POSTERIOR TRIANGLE
Anterior: Posterior border of the SCM
Posterior: Anterior border of trapezius
Inferior: Middle third of clavicle between the trapezius and the SCM
Apex: Where SCM and trapezius meet on the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
Roof: formed by the investing layer of deep cervical fascia
Floor: formed by muscles covered by the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia
112
posterior is subdivided into 2 smaller triangles
occipital triangle
omoclavivular/subclavian triangle
113
Occipital artery
Part of external jugular vein
Posterior branches of cervical plexus of nerves
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
Trunks of brachial plexus
occipital triangle.
114
Subclavian artery (third part)
Part of subclavian vein (sometimes)
Suprascapular artery
Supraclavicular lymph nodes
omoclavivular/subclavian triangle
115
Sensory part- sensation of the skin of the face
Motor part- muscles of mastication
trigeminal nerve
116
Sensory part- anterior 2/3s of the tongue; chorda tympani
Motor part- muscles of mastication
facial nerve
117
arterial supply of the head and neck
common carotid
internal carotid
external carotid
118
Origin: Brachiocephalic trunk (right) and Aortic Arch (Left)
Termination: Upper border of thyroid cartilage at C4
Divides into:
External carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
Embedded in the carotid sheath
Closely related to jugular vein and vagus (CN X) nerve
common carotid artery
119
Origin: Upper border of thyroid cartilage
Enters carotid canal in petrous temporal bone to enter cranial cavity
No branches in the neck
internal carotid artery
120
Origin: upper border of the thyroid cartilage (C4)
Termination: substance of the parotid gland, behind the neck of the mandible
2 Main Terminal branches:
Superficial temporal arteries
Maxillary arteries
external carotid artery
121
8 TERMINAL BRANCHES OF THE EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Occipital Artery
Posterior auricular Artery
Superficial Temporal Artery
Maxillary Artery
122
BRANCHES OF THE FACIAL ARTERY
Ascending palatine artery (Throat)
Tonsillar artery (Palatine tonsils - palates)
Submental artery (Below the chin)
Inferior labial artery
Superior labial artery
Lateral nasal artery (lateral areas of nose - ala nasi)
Angular artery (cheeks & lower eyelids)
Terminal branch at area of nose
123
BRANCHES OF THE MAXILLARY ARTERY
Mandibular Artery
Pterygoid Artery: supplies muscles of mastication
Pterygopalatine Artery
124
Crosses the zygomatic arch in front of the ear
SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY
125
As it winds around the lower margin of the mandible level with the anterior border of the masseter
facial artery
126
superficial veins of the neck
external jugular
anterior jugular
127
Begins at the jugular foramen behind the angle of the mandible
Drains into the subclavian vein (SVC)
External jugular vein (face and scalp)
128
Jugular arch
Union of 2 anterior jugular veins
Drain into external jugular vein or directly into the SCV
Anterior jugular vein (chin area and anterior neck)
129
SUPERFICIAL VEINS OF THE FACE
Facial Vein
Transverse facial Vein
-Zygomatico-temporal v.
Retromandibular Vein (drains parotid gland and masseter muscle)
-Union of superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein
Post. Auricular Vein
130
Flow of blood in all tributaries and communication are reversible as they possess no valve
Spread of infection can lead to thrombosis of cavernous sinus
Dangerous zone
Area of facial skin bounded by the nose, the eye, and the upper lip potentially to have an infection.
131
The cavernous communicate with dangerous area of face through 2 routes
Superior ophthalmic vein
Deep facial vein, pterygoid plexus of vein, emissary vein
132
Receive lymph from the skin and superficial tissues of the front neck
ANTERIOR CERVICAL LYMPH NODES
133
Receive lymph from the back of scalp
OCCIPITAL NODES
134
Receive lymph from a strip of scalp above the auricle, and from the posterior wall of the external auditory meatus
MASTOID (RETROARTICULAR) NODES
135
Receive lymph from the scalp above parotid gland, the lateral surface of auricle, the anterior wall of external auditory meatus, and from the middle ear
PAROTID LYMPH NODES
136
Receive lymph from front of scalp, nose and adjacent cheek, upper and lower lips (except center)
SUBMANDIBULAR NODES
137
Receive lymph from the tip of the tongue, floor of the mouth beneath tip of tongue, central part of lower lip
drain both in the Submandibular Nodes and the Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
SUBMENTAL NODES
138
regional group lymph nodes
ANTERIOR CERVICAL LYMPH NODES
OCCIPITAL NODES
MASTOID (RETROARTICULAR) NODES
PAROTID LYMPH NODES
BUCCAL (FACIAL) LYMPH NODES
SUBMANDIBULAR NODES
SUBMENTAL NODES
139
drain into the Submandibular Nodes
buccal (facial) lymph nodes
140
terminal group lymph nodes
superior deep cervical nodes
inferior deep cervical nodes
141
superior deep cervical nodes
RETROPHARYNGEAL NODES → nasal part of the pharynx, auditory tube, upper part of cervical vertebral column
JUGULODIGASTRIC (TONSILLAR) NODES → tonsil and the tongue
JUGULOMOHYOID NODES → tongue
142
inferior deep cervical nodes
Receives all lymph from above nodes
143
NERVE SUPPLY OF THE HEAD AND NECK
trigeminal nerve and facial nerve
GASSERIAN GANGLION
Trigeminal nerve
GENICULATE GANGLION
Facial nerve
144
Cutaneous (sensory) innervation of the face and anterosuperior part of the scalp
Lateral surface of the pons of the midbrain by two roots: motor and sensory
SENSORY NERVE FOR THE FACE and the MOTOR NERVE FOR THE MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
trigeminal nerve
145
Motor innervation to the facial muscles
facial nerve
146
Divisions/branches of the Trigeminal nerve:
Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)
Maxillary nerve (CN V2)
Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
147
what branch of trigeminal
is largely sensory but it also receives the motor fibers (axons) from the motor root of CN V (muscles of mastication)
mandibular nerve
148
what branch of trigeminal nerve:
are wholly sensory
opthalmic nerve and maxillary
149
Smallest division
Wholly sensory nerve (supplies the area of skin derived from the embryonic frontonasal prominence)
Enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure and trifurcates into the frontal, nasociliary, and lacrimal nerves
opthalmic nerve
150
SENSORY NERVES DERIVED FROM OPHTHALMIC NERVE (CN V1)
Frontal nerve (largest branch)
Nasociliary nerve
Lacrimal
151
frontal nerve
Supraorbital nerve
Supratrochlear nerve
152
Nasociliary nerve
Posterior ethmoidal nerve
Anterior ethmoidal nerve
External nasal nerve ( dorsum of external nose)
Infratrochlear nerve
153
Wholly sensory nerve
Leaves the cranium → foramen rotundum (greater wing of the sphenoid) → pterygopalatine fossa → enters the orbit through the INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
maxillary nerve
154
OPHTHALMIC NERVE- Superior orbital fissure
MAXILLARY NERVE- Inferior orbital fissure
remember
155
SENSORY NERVES DERIVED FROM MAXILLARY NERVE (CN V2)
INFRAORBITAL NERVE
ZYGOMATIC NERVE
156
zygomatic nerve
Zygomaticofacial nerve
Zygomaticotemporal nerve
157
Largest division
Leaves the skull through the foramen ovale (greater wing of the sphenoid)
Three sensory cutaneous branches
Motor fibers to the muscles of mastication (the only division that carries motor fibers)
mandibular nerve
158
SENSORY NERVES DERIVED FROM MANDIBULAR NERVE (CN V3)
Auriculotemporal
Buccal
Mental
159
NERVES OF SCALP
The nerves appear in sequence:
CN V1 (Supratrochlear and Supra- orbital nerve)
CN V2 (Zygomaticotemporal nerve)
CN V3 (Auriculotemporal nerve)
Anterior rami of C2 and C3
Posterior rami of C2 and C3
160
Has both a motor root and a sensory/parasympathetic root
Motor root of CN VII supplies the muscles of facial expression
Emerges from the cranium through the stylomastoid foramen
Posterior auricular nerve (first branch of the facial nerve)
fcaial nerve
161
MOTOR ROOT OF FACIAL NERVE
Muscles of FACIAL EXPRESSION
162
MOTOR ROOT OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE/MANDIBULAR NERVE
Muscles of MASTICATION
163
Five terminal branches of the facial nerve:
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical
164
runs anteriorly and is engulfed by the PAROTID GLAND, in which it forms the parotid plexus
Main trunk of CN VII
165
lesion Below stylomastoid foramen
Facial paralysis
166
lesion in Facial canal
Facial paralysis + loss of taste in anterior tongue + decreased salivation on affected side (chorda tympani)
*Hyperacusis (effect on nerve branch to stapedius muscle)
167
lesion in Geniculate ganglion
All symptoms + pain behind the ear
168
lesion in Intracranial and/or internal auditory meatus
All symptoms above + DEAFNESS (CN VIII involvement)
