Nose Anatomy

Question 1

Discuss how the Oral cavity forms

Answer 1

Nasal septum: forms superior-inferior to meet the hard palate

 Hard palate: forms lateral-medial bilaterally to eventually fuse w/ nasal septum – “palatine shelf”

o Primary palate: most anterior portion of hard palate, separate from palatine shelf

o Incisive foramen: point of fusion of hard palate, primary palate & nasal septum

Question 2

Pharyngeal pouches

Answer 2

1. Ear
2. Palatine structures
3. Thymus gland & inferior parathyroid glands
4. Thyroid gland & superior parathyroid glands

Question 3

Brachial cleft cyst vs Thyroglossal cyst

Answer 3

Brachial cleft: Cyst/fistula is found along the anterior border of the SCM anywhere b/t angle of mandible & the SCM attachment to the manubrium

Thyroglossal cyst:
Midline cyst w/ multiple possible locations; Elevates w/ swallowing.

Question 4

Meatuses

Answer 4

1.Superior meatus: Posterior ethmoid air cells empty here
2. Middle meatus:
Semilunar hiatus: Frontal/Maxillary/Anterior ethmoid drain here
Ethmoid bulla: Middle ethmoid sinuses drain here
3. Inferior meatus: Nasolacrimal duct drains here

Question 5

Tubal tonsils inflammation

Answer 5

Obstructs Eustachian tube if inflamed

Question 6

Arterial supply of Nasal cavity

Answer 6

Lateral wall: external carotid – maxillary – sphenopalatine artery

Kiesselbach’s plexus: extensive anastomoses of arterial supply in inferior/anterior 1/3 of nasal cavity – common location for epistaxis (nose bleed)

Question 7

The posterior ethmoid air cell is close to which structure

Answer 7

Optic nerve

Question 8

How can maxillary sinus pain present?

Answer 8

Tooth pain

Question 9

What is the main lymph drainage of the oral cavity?

Answer 9

Jugulodigastric nodes (superior deep cervical)

Question 10

Tonsils

Answer 10

1. Regresses in puberty
2. Palatine tonsil: located b/t palatoglossal & palatopharyngeal arches
3. Erosion through fascia & superior constrictor allows access to

retropharyngeal space – superior mediastinum

Question 11

Relationships in the pharynx

Answer 11

Posterior belly of digastric splits the stylohyoid m.

 Stylopharyngeus m.: associated w/ CN IX (glossopharyngeal) divides superior/middle constrictor mm.

 Angle of mandible ~@ level of greater horn of hyoid ~@ level of epiglottis

 Thyroid cartilage is inferior to hyoid cartilage

Question 12

Gag reflex

Answer 12

Sensory CNIX, Motor CNX

Question 13

Which tracheal rings does the thyroid gland sit on?

Answer 13

1-4