Antihistamines, Antitussives

Question 1

What is the triple response to Histamine?

Answer 1

1. Localized redness in seconds
2. Red flare
3. Wheal (edema)

Question 2

Which receptors are responsible to which effects of histamine?

Answer 2

Vasodilation leading to decreased BP-H1,2
• Itching and pain-H1R
• Increased gastric secretion-H2R
• Bronchoconstriction-H1R

Question 3

Which antihistamines are sedatives?

Answer 3

1. diphenhydramine HCI
2. chlorpheniramine maleate
3. hydroxyzine
4. promethazine

Question 4

Which antihistamines are nonsedative?

Answer 4

Loratidine, Fexofenadine, cetirizine

Question 5

How do antihistamines work?

Answer 5

They are inverse agonists; They reverse responses but don’t prevent them

Question 6

Name the decongestants

Answer 6

Phenyleprine, Pseudoephedrine, Oxymetazoline

Question 7

How do decongestants work?

Answer 7

1. Alpha 1 agonists
2. Vasoconstriction
3. Increase BP

Question 8

Name the Antitussives

Answer 8

1. Codeine

2. Dextromethorphan

Question 9

How do antitussives work?

Answer 9

1. Depresses medullary cough center

Question 10

Discuss Dextromethorphan

Answer 10

1. Blocks NMDA receptors

2. Non-narcotic

Question 11

What are the SE of dextromethorphan?

Answer 11

Euphoria, paranoia, disorientation

Question 12

What is Benzonatate?

Answer 12

Local anesthetic that works on stretch receptors in respiratory passages reducing cough reflex; Dizziness and dysphagia

Question 13

Name the drugs used for influenza

Answer 13

Amantidine, Rimantidine, Oseltamivir and Zanamivir

Question 14

How does Amantidine and Rimantidine work?

Answer 14

-act on M2 proton selective ion channel and prevent uncoating of influenza A particles

Question 15

How does Oseltamivir and Zanamivir work?

Answer 15

inhibit neuraminidase in influenza A and B to inhibit viral spreading and infection
Zanamivir-oral spray; oseltamivir- oral