Antimicrobial Pharmacology Flashcards
What is the MOA of Beta lactams?
Bactericidal; Binds penicillin binding proteins on inner surface of cell wall blocking transpeptidation
Which bugs have beta lactamase, making them resistant to Beta lactams?
H. influenzae, staph, kleisebella
What is the side effect of beta lactams?
Rash
What is the MOA of Macrolides?
Bacteriostatic; Inhibit protein synthesis at 50S ribosome
Azithromycin, Erythomycin
Discuss the resistance to macrolides
- dec cell membrane permeability
- active efflux
- produce esterase that hydrolyzes
- modify ribosome binding site
Which bugs are susceptible to macrolides?
Strep pnuemo, ATYPICALs
What are the side effects of macrolides?
- n/v, abdominal pain,
- cholestatic hepatitis
- prolonged QTc interval
- rash (erythromycin)
What are the MOA of Tetracyclines?
Bacteriostatic
Inhibit protein synthesis @ 30S
ribosome (reversible binding*)
What are the uses of tetracyclines?
Doxycycline: Strep pneumo (not
PRSP), H. flu and atypical
Tigecycline: approved to treat CAP and PRSP
What are the side effects of tetracylines?
- photosensitivity
- teeth discoloration/bone deformity
- liver toxicity
What are the contraindications of tetracyclines?
TERATOGENIC; causes teeth and bone issues
What is the MOA of Flouroquinolones?
Bacteriocidal
-inhibit topoisomerase, preventing DNA supercoiling,
transcription, repair
-floxacin
What are the uses of Fluoroquinolones? Side effects?
CAP; Tendonitis, tendon rupture, QT elongation
What are the contraindications of Flouroquinolones?
TERATOGENIC; Cause cartilage malformation
What is the MOA of Cephlasporins?
Bactericidal
-binds to PBP; interferes w/peptidoglycan cross-linking
What are the uses of Cephlasporins?
Beta-lactamase producing organsims
What are the side effects of Cephlasporins?
Enterocolitis, vaginitis, interstitial nephritis
What is the MOA of carbapenems?
Bactericidal
- binds to PBP & interferes w/ peptidoglycan cross-linking
- penems
What is the major side effect of carbapenems?
Decreased threshold of seizures
What is the MOA of aminoglycosides?
Bacteriostatic
Inhibit protein synthesis @ 30S
ribosome (IRreversible binding*)
Name the aminoglycosides
- Amikacin
- Tobramycin
- Gentamycin (TERATOGENIC)
What are the SE of aminoglycosides
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
What is the MOA of Vancomycin and what is it used for?
Inhibits PG formation; MRSA
What is the major SE of Vancomycin?
Red neck syndrome
What is the MOA of Linezolid? Use?
Inhibits 23s ribosome subunit; MRSA
What are the SEs and contraindications of Linezolid?
Serotonin syndrome, Thrombocytopenia/Neutropenia;
Contraindicated with Antidepressants
