Antimicrobial Pharmacology

Question 1

What is the MOA of Beta lactams?

Answer 1

Bactericidal; Binds penicillin binding proteins on inner surface of cell wall blocking transpeptidation

Question 2

Which bugs have beta lactamase, making them resistant to Beta lactams?

Answer 2

H. influenzae, staph, kleisebella

Question 3

What is the side effect of beta lactams?

Answer 3

Rash

Question 4

What is the MOA of Macrolides?

Answer 4

Bacteriostatic; Inhibit protein synthesis at 50S ribosome

Azithromycin, Erythomycin

Question 5

Discuss the resistance to macrolides

Answer 5

• dec cell membrane permeability
• active efflux
• produce esterase that hydrolyzes
• modify ribosome binding site

Question 6

Which bugs are susceptible to macrolides?

Answer 6

Strep pnuemo, ATYPICALs

Question 7

What are the side effects of macrolides?

Answer 7

• n/v, abdominal pain,
• cholestatic hepatitis
• prolonged QTc interval
• rash (erythromycin)

Question 8

What are the MOA of Tetracyclines?

Answer 8

Bacteriostatic
Inhibit protein synthesis @ 30S
ribosome (reversible binding*)

Question 9

What are the uses of tetracyclines?

Answer 9

Doxycycline: Strep pneumo (not
PRSP), H. flu and atypical

Tigecycline: approved to treat CAP and PRSP

Question 10

What are the side effects of tetracylines?

Answer 10

• photosensitivity
• teeth discoloration/bone deformity
• liver toxicity

Question 11

What are the contraindications of tetracyclines?

Answer 11

TERATOGENIC; causes teeth and bone issues

Question 12

What is the MOA of Flouroquinolones?

Answer 12

Bacteriocidal
-inhibit topoisomerase, preventing DNA supercoiling,
transcription, repair
-floxacin

Question 13

What are the uses of Fluoroquinolones? Side effects?

Answer 13

CAP; Tendonitis, tendon rupture, QT elongation

Question 14

What are the contraindications of Flouroquinolones?

Answer 14

TERATOGENIC; Cause cartilage malformation

Question 15

What is the MOA of Cephlasporins?

Answer 15

Bactericidal

-binds to PBP; interferes w/peptidoglycan cross-linking

Question 16

What are the uses of Cephlasporins?

Answer 16

Beta-lactamase producing organsims

Question 17

What are the side effects of Cephlasporins?

Answer 17

Enterocolitis, vaginitis, interstitial nephritis

Question 18

What is the MOA of carbapenems?

Answer 18

Bactericidal

• binds to PBP & interferes w/ peptidoglycan cross-linking
• penems

Question 19

What is the major side effect of carbapenems?

Answer 19

Decreased threshold of seizures

Question 20

What is the MOA of aminoglycosides?

Answer 20

Bacteriostatic
Inhibit protein synthesis @ 30S
ribosome (IRreversible binding*)

Question 21

Name the aminoglycosides

Answer 21

• Amikacin
• Tobramycin
• Gentamycin (TERATOGENIC)

Question 22

What are the SE of aminoglycosides

Answer 22

ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

Question 23

What is the MOA of Vancomycin and what is it used for?

Answer 23

Inhibits PG formation; MRSA

Question 24

What is the major SE of Vancomycin?

Answer 24

Red neck syndrome

Question 25

What is the MOA of Linezolid? Use?

Answer 25

Inhibits 23s ribosome subunit; MRSA

Question 26

What are the SEs and contraindications of Linezolid?

Answer 26

Serotonin syndrome, Thrombocytopenia/Neutropenia;

Contraindicated with Antidepressants