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XRAY > Northwestern Qs > Flashcards

Northwestern Qs Flashcards

1
Q

Highest L.E.T?

A

Alpha

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2
Q

Filtration for fluoro? xx mm Al?

A

2.5

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3
Q

What phase occurs first in acute radiation syndrome?

A

Prodromal period

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4
Q

Purpose of filters in a film badge?

A

determine energy of exposure

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5
Q

Which cells are more radiosensitive? oxygenated or hypoxic?

A

oxygenated

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6
Q

An autotransformer has only one:

A

coil

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7
Q

What is the fulcrum in traditional tomography?

A

focal plane

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8
Q

what provides current to produce the electron cloud/space charge?

A

step-down transformer

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9
Q

Which phase of film processing is alkaline?

A

Developer

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10
Q

Narrow window width on digital image? =

A

decreased range of densities and increased contrast

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11
Q

What does increased size in crystals in intensifying screens do?

A

Increase magnification, decrease recorded detail, increase intensification factor

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12
Q

What bone forms medial border of obturator formaen?

A

Pubis

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13
Q

What position best demonstrates the splenic flexure ?

A

LAO

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14
Q

Where are the mandibular condyles in relation to the petrous pyramids for properly positioned SMV?

A

anterior

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15
Q

photostimulable imaging plate loses what % of energy in 8 hrs?

A

25%

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16
Q

in an image intensifier, which phosphor is larger?

A

input > output

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17
Q

effective dose for knee XR?

A

.005 mSv

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18
Q

The concept of a sensitive key molecule is the basis for which theory?

A

Target theory

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19
Q

Which structure of the eye is the most radiosensitive?

A

Lens

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20
Q

What kind of mAs/Kvp combo would result in least pt dose and lowest heat delievered to anode?

A

Low mAs and high kVp

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21
Q

What kind of e-wave has the highest frequency?

A

Gamma

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22
Q

Sour-to-skin distance minimum for stationary fluoro?

A

15 in

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23
Q

Symptoms of hematologic syndrome?

A

Vomiting + diarrhea, malaise + lethargy

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24
Q

What does the autotransformer do?

A

increase kVp

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25
Q

`Tungsten is an ideal anode material for which 3 reasons?

A
  1. high melting point 2. high atomic number 3. abiliity to conduct heat
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26
Q

What happens if blue/green screens/films are mismatched?

A

resulting film is too light

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27
Q

Which component is uniquely essential to digital fluoro?

A

ADC

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28
Q

Increasing thickness of phoshpor layer in screens results in ?

A
  1. increased intensification factor 2. decreased detail
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29
Q

What does the phosphor in PSP do during XR exposure?

A

traps electrons

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30
Q

Right colic flexure best demonstrated in which position?

A

RAO

31
Q

What position is hand in for supine lateral projection of humerus?

A

posterior aspect against pt side

32
Q

Most accurate pulse measurement?

A

Apical

33
Q

when does leakage radiation occur?

A

when an exposure is made

34
Q

what kind of radiation gives pt highest dose?

A

alpha

35
Q

what dose will cause temporary sterility in females?

A

200 rads

36
Q

what is the minimum source to table top distance for mobile fluoro units?

A

12 in

37
Q

what kind of generator would give 120 electric pulsese to an XR tube per second?

A

single-phase full wave rectification

38
Q

what current is required to heat the filament in an XR tube?

A

3-4 amps

39
Q

what indicator do cassetteless systems use as an indicator of exposure?

A

DAP

40
Q

What is pixel pitch?

A

the space between pixels

41
Q

Histogram analysis does NOT

A

manipulate image contrast

42
Q

what kind of joint is synarthrodial?

A

costochondral joints

43
Q

what is a common complication of central venous line placement?

A

pneumothorax

44
Q

30 keV XR photon ejects k-shell e w/ binding energy of 3 kEv - resultant energy of photoelectron?

A

27 kEv

45
Q

amount of leakage radiation from tub should not exceed?

A

100 mR/hr at 1 meter

46
Q

blend of CT/nuc med - uses positron-emitting radionuclide?

A

PET

47
Q

LD 50/60 for humans w/ min clinical support?

A

320-540 Rads

48
Q

irradiation of human cells produces:

A

unstable molecules, free radicals, toxic substances

49
Q

how many coulombs/kg in the Roentgen?

A

2.58 x 10^-4 C/kg

50
Q

stochastic radiation response?

A

all or nothing

51
Q

what contributes most to general population exposure each year?

A

radon gas

52
Q

how does the IR move during conventional linear tomography?

A

opposite the tube

53
Q

longer scale of contrast, ____ exposure latitude?

A

increased

54
Q

LUT in digital imaging, purpose?

A

reference to eval raw image formation, correct luminance values, give image appropriate brightness/contrast

55
Q

mitral stenosis?

A

narrowing of bicuspid valve (atrium to ventricle)

56
Q

thoracic duct function?

A

lymph to L subclavian vein

57
Q

what drug to give in case of severe anaphylactic shock after contrast administration?

A

adrenaline

58
Q

early symptoms anaphylactic shock?

A

itching, sneezing, nausea

59
Q

majority of DNA damage results from ____ ____ of radiation

A

indirect effect

60
Q

BEIR VII report in 2005 supports previous _____ _____ risk model

A

linear nonthreshold

61
Q

occupational radiation monitoring is required when it is likely an individual will receive ___ _____ in any single year

A

0.5 rem

62
Q

according to NRCP report 93, ____ _____ are the largest artificial source contribution to average annual effect dose equiv in US

A

diagnostic XR

63
Q

metal filters used in film badges are used to…?

A

determine radiation energy/exposure

64
Q

radiation-induced cataracts are considered to be _______, ______ effects

A

non-linear, threshold

65
Q

output current from the secondary of the transformer is ______ _____

A

alternating current

66
Q

most constant voltage to XR tube provided by..??

A

3 phase, 12 pulse

67
Q

magnification mode for multifocus II is used…

A

spatial resolution is improved

68
Q

sampling frequency and pixel pitch are used to determine:

A

spatial resolution

69
Q

what digital imaging system converts XR to light prior to producing the image?

A

indirect flat panel (not CR

70
Q

what test is not used to determine TB infection status?

A

VRSA

71
Q

what uses zinc cadmium sulfide in the phosphor layer?

A

II output screen

72
Q

where is the mitral valve?

A

between the L atrium and L ventricle

73
Q

a higher kVp results in a _____ latitude

A

narrower

XRAY (14 decks)

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