Northern Revolt Flashcards
When was the Northern Revolt?
1569
What were the strengths of the Government response? (3)
- Decisive action, ordering Warwick to muster army
- Rebels easily dispersed by royal army
- Maintained loyalty from Lancashire, Cheshire and Yorkshire
What were the weaknesses of the Government response to the Northern revolt? (3)
- Indecision around Mary and favouritism of Cecil caused factionalism
- Earl of Sussex could not initially muster an army in the North
- Religious settlement caused unrest
How did the leadership of the Northern Revolt lead to failure? (4)
- Poor planning, organisation and commitment
- Northumberland didn’t even support the Mary marriage
- Westmorland had to be convinced by his uncle, Charles Neville
- Norfolk dropped out
How did support cause the failure of the Northern Revolt? (4)
- Most of the Northern nobles remained loyal to Elizabeth
- No support from abroad
- Opinion had changed, making Catholics more accepting of Elizabeth and sceptical of foreign papacy
- No significant popular support
Why did the Revolt not gather much popular support?
- Lack of influence and persuasive ability of Earls
- Motives all lay in the noble classes
How big was the Northern Revolt?
5,000
How did centralisation help Elizabeth put down the Northern Revolt?
Powerful positions nationally were held by loyal, Southern, Protestant nobles
How did the military cause the failure of the Northern Revolt? (3)
- Rebel army too small
- Lacked clear aims
- Lack of cohesion, training and commitment
How was the Northern Revolt threatening? (3)
- Mary QoS legitimate replacement and figurehead
- Took Durham and Barnard castle
- Followed by Cumbrian rebellion (Lord Dacre, 1570)
How was the Northern Revolt not threatening?(3)
- Limited support, none from abroad
- Weak rebel army
- Mary QoS easily moved
What were the consequences of the Northern Revolt? (4)
- Repression
- Political changes
- Religious impacts
- Rise of Puritans
What repression occurred following the Northern Revolt?
- 8 ringleaders executed
- Elizabeth ordered execution of 700 ordinary rebels, but Sussex limited it to 450 due to fear of backlash
What political changes occurred due to the Northern Revolt? (2)
- Puritan Henry Hastings made President of the Council of the North
- Land of rebels confiscated, extending centralisation
What religious impacts did the Northern Revolt have? (3)
- excommunication in 1570 by Papal Bull
- added £20 fine for recusancy
- execution of anyone harbouring Jesuit Priests
What was the impact of the 1570 Papal Bull?
Also excommunicated anyone who obeyed Elizabeth’s orders - increased her paranoia
Give an example of a victim of religious repression.
Cuthbert Mayne was executed in 1577 for refusing to accept the Queen’s supremacy
How did Puritanism rise following the Northern Revolt? (2)
- Puritan MPs tried to set up own churches and Book of Common Prayer which denied transubstantiation
- formation of ‘Puritan Choir’ faction
What were the political causes of the Northern Revolt? (3)
- Alienation of traditional Northern noble families via centralisation and Cecil
- Rising Anglo-Spanish tensions, Genoese Loan Theft
- Presence of Mary QoS
What were the religious causes of the Northern Revolt? (3)
- Removal of icons from Northern Churches
- Radical Protestant James Pilkington made Bishop of Durham
- Gradual increase of hard-line Protestantism
What percentage of Northern nobility were Catholic?
75%
Why were religious causes of the Northern Revolt less significant?
Many Catholics accepted the Religious Settlement, becoming recusants or Church Papists
What were the economic causes of the Northern Revolt? (2)
- Northern nobles lost income to Southerners
- Lords were indebt to the Crown, lands were seized
Why was Mary appealing to English Catholics? (3)
- Male heir
- Great-granddaughter of Henry VII
- Staunchly Catholic
What was the Treaty of Edinburgh?
Elizabeth’s treaty requesting Mary to renounce her claim to the English throne - unsigned
What was the French Catholic League?
Founded by the Guise family to fight Protestantism and provide a basis for foreign Catholic crusade
Who were the nobles involved in the Northern Revolt?
- Duke of Norfolk
- Earl of Northumberland
- Earl of Westmorland
What immediately weakened the plot in September 1569?
Norfolk turned himself in
What did Elizabeth do in October 1569 which triggered the rebellion?
Demanded the Earls’ presence at court
Where do Westmorland’s supporters gather demanding rebellion in early November?
Brancepeth Castle
What happened on the 13th-14th November 1569?
Rebels capture Durham and hold mass in the Cathedral
Where do the rebels reach on November 22nd and where does this threaten?
Bramham Moor, York
How many foot soldiers and cavalry gather on Bramham Moor?
3,800 and 1,600
What happens on November 24th 1569?
Rebels retreat hearing rumours of a royal army
Where is Mary transferred?
Coventry
Where do the rebels take in early December? (2)
Barnard Castle and Hartlepool
Why do the rebels take Hartlepool?
In hope of a supportive Spanish invasion force
Religious Intent - Declaration of the Earls
‘We will restore all ancient customs and liberties of God’s true church, and this noble and great country’
Offences of Elizabeth - Papal Bull 1570
‘She has removed the Royal Council, composed of the nobility of England, and filled it with obscure men, heretics’
