Norman Conquest Source Deck Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Why did William decide to invade England? (4)
A
  • He wanted to expand his empire and power beyond Normandy
  • He believed he had been promised the throne by Edward the Confessor
  • He was angry that Harold had taken the throne from him
  • England had rich resources, including land and royal finances
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2
Q
  1. What date and time did the Battle of Hastings start? (1)
A

9am 14th October 1066

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3
Q
  1. Name the two different types of Saxon soldiers, as well as their number combined (2)
A
  • Housecarls & Fyrd

- Between 5,000 and 7,000

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4
Q
  1. What was the name of the Hill Harold was positioned on top of? (1)
A

Senlac Hill

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5
Q
  1. Which regions did William’s infantry, archers and cavalry come from? (4)
A
  • Normandy (the Normans)
  • France (the French)
  • Flanders (the Flemish)
  • Brittany (the Bretons)
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6
Q
  1. What was the name of William’s battle tactic, which tempted the English fyrd to break rank (1)
A

Feigned retreat

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7
Q
  1. What day was William crowned? (1)
A

Christmas Day 1066

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8
Q
  1. Name two rebellions and their dates (2)
A

Any two from:

  • 1067 Dover Castle
  • 1067-68 Edric the Wild and the Welsh Kings (rebelled in the West Midlands)
  • 1068 Bristol (King Harold’s sons sailed from Ireland to attack)
  • 1068-69 Exeter (defeated after a 10 day siege)
  • 1069 York and Durham
  • 1070 Hereward the Wake
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9
Q
  1. What was the Harrying of the North? (2)
A
  • Refers to one of the rebellions in York in Durham in 1069

- People were ruthlessly punished and crops were burnt, leading to starvation.

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10
Q
  1. What are the five main ways William strengthened his power? (5)
A
  • Castles
  • Domesday Book
  • Feudal System
  • Crushing rebellions
  • Replacing the Saxon ‘Church’ with the Norman one
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11
Q
  1. What was the Domesday Book and when was it completed? (2)
A
  • An investigation of the nation’s wealth and structure (who owned what and how much!)
  • Completed in 1086
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12
Q
  1. How did the Domesday Book help William keep control of England? (2)
A
  • Gave William clear records of wealth

- Allowed him to tax more effectively

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13
Q
  1. What was the Feudal System?
A

A hierarchy of society from the King to the peasantry, based around land.

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14
Q
  1. What was the structure of the Feudal System and what did each ‘layer’ give each other? (3)
A
  • Kings gave land to barons who gave loyalty and provided soldiers in return.
  • Barons gave land to the knights who promised to fight and to be loyal in return.
  • Knights gave pieces of land and protection to the peasants who worked the crops and fought when needed in return
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15
Q
  1. How many people were in each ‘layer’ of the Feudal System? (4)
A
  • 1 King
  • 200 Barons
  • 5,000 Knights
  • 1.5 million Peasants.
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16
Q
  1. How did the Feudal System help William keep control? (2)
A
  • Everyone became loyal to the king through the passing down of land.
  • William could generate an army quickly.
17
Q
  1. What was the first type of castle called? (1)
A

Motte and Bailey

18
Q
  1. Name four key features of the Motte and Bailey castle (4)
A
  • Motte (mound of land that the keep was on top of)
  • Keep
  • Bailey (area of land within the castle
  • Palisade (outside wall)
19
Q
  1. How many castles did William build? (2)
A

Around 1000 Motte and Baileys and 200 Stone Keep castles

20
Q
  1. Name three famous castles that WIlliam built (3)
A

And three from:

  • Tower of London
  • Windsor
  • Dover
  • Rochester
  • Pevensey
  • Exeter
21
Q
  1. How did castles allow William to keep control? (3)
A
  • Ensured loyalty from the Barons who lived there
  • Acted as a medieval ‘police station’ for the area
  • Was a demonstration of William’s power made to intimidate the population