King John Source Deck Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Who were King John’s parents? (2)
A

Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine

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2
Q
  1. When did John come to the throne? (1)
A

April 1199

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3
Q
  1. What are three facts about Arthur, Duke of Brittany? (3)
A
  • The designated heir to the throne by his uncle Richard (1190) before Richard changed his mind in 1199 and chose John
  • Had a better claim to Normandy and England than John.
  • It’s believed that John may have killed Arthur
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4
Q
  1. Which French king joined Arthur to attack John’s castles in Normandy, and when? (2)
A

Philip II in 1202

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5
Q
  1. Why was Normandy important? (3)
A
  • Prestige and reputation of the king.
  • Land belonging to important barons.
  • ‘Jewel in the crown’ of English possessions
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6
Q
  1. When was a new Pope selected and what was his name? (2)
A

1198, Pope Innocent III

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7
Q
  1. What year did John begin to argue with the new Pope? (1)
A

1205

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8
Q
  1. What argument did John have with the new Pope? (2)
A
  • The pope wanted Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury,
  • John favoured John, Bishop of Norwich.
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9
Q
  1. What happened as a result of John’s dispute with Innocent III? (2)
A

John was excommunicated (1) between 1209-1213 (2)

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10
Q
  1. What did the Pope’s ‘Interdict’ mean and when was it passed? (3)
A
  • No Christian marriages or burials were allowed to take place in England
  • Church services were stopped
  • Passed in 1208
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11
Q
  1. What were three of John’s strengths? (3)
A
  • He travelled the whole country and judged cases for the royal court himself
  • Increased the strength of the navy
  • Provided feast days for paupers (the poor)
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12
Q
  1. How did John strengthen the monarchy? (4)
A
  • He collected a new land tax from the knights and the barons.
  • He modernised the government and kept good records.
  • He increased his control over Ireland and Wales, and built up his forces in northern England.
  • The King of Scotland signed a peace treaty with John.
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13
Q
  1. How did John strengthen the navy? (3)
A
  • John built new ships
  • Strengthened Portsmouth’s defences
  • Established a new port at Liverpool.
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14
Q
  1. Name three reasons the Barons were angry with John. (3)
A

Any three from:

  • He punished churchmen because of his quarrel with Pope Innocent II
  • He kept demanding scutage tax (paid by knights)
  • He took barons family as hostage so that they would not rebel, e.g. sons of Welsh barons in 1211
  • John had favourites like Gerrard d’Athee of France and gave them possessions
  • Introduced an inheritance tax, demanding £6000 from one baron
  • Lost lands in Normandy
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15
Q
  1. What was Magna Carta and when was it signed? (2)
A
  • Magna Carta (Great Charter) was a set of rules about how the king should treat the freemen of England, - Signed in 1215.
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16
Q
  1. How many clauses were in Magna Carta (1)
A

63 clauses

17
Q
  1. Name four of the clauses of Magna Carta (4)
A
  • The king will not interfere with the Church
  • The king will not imprison nobles without a trial
  • The king will stop unfair taxes
  • The king will not ask for extra taxes
  • Merchants will be able to travel around the country and buy and sell without having to pay extra taxes
  • Trials will be held quickly and fairly
18
Q
  1. Only three of the promises of Magna Carta remain in force today. What are they? (3)
A
  • The monarchy will not interfere with the church.
  • To respect the rights and freedoms of the City of London and other towns and ports.
  • No one can be arrested or imprisoned without a proper trial.