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History > Norman Conquest 2 > Flashcards

Norman Conquest 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was Edward’s half brother?

A

King Hathacanute

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2
Q

When did Edward become King

A

1041

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3
Q

After the rebellion who did Edward name as his successor if he died?

A

William Duke of Normandy

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4
Q

In 1057 which family controlled earldoms in every part of England?

A

Godwins

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5
Q

What is sub regulus?

A

Meant Harold could rule in the King’s place

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6
Q

What year did Edward die?

A

1066

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7
Q

Why did Edward’s closest relative not become King?

A

Edgar Aetheling was only 14
Did not have any supporters
Did not have any military experience

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8
Q

What is witan?

A

King’s council

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9
Q

What was Harold’s main claim to throne?

A

That before he died Edward had said he wanted him to be next King

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10
Q

What was William’s main claim to throne?

A

He was a distant cousin of Edward

But illegitimate

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11
Q

What was Harald Hardraada’s main claim to throne?

A

A promise made to his father
Supported by Tostig Godwinson (Harold’s brother)
Many in Northern England had Scandinavian roots and would have supported a Viking King

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12
Q

Why did Edward need support of Godwin family?

A

Because they were a powerful family

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13
Q

Explain the importance of Harold’s claim to throne in 1066?

A 
No heir
Nearest relative 14
Richest man in England
Skilful military leader
Support of King’s council Witan
Before he died Edward said he wanted Harold to be King
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14
Q

What are Housecarls?

A

Full time professional soldiers in Saxon army

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15
Q

What are thegns?

A

Knights called up when needed to fight

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16
Q

Who were William’s vassals?

A

The Lords who had sworn loyalty to him

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17
Q

How many ships did William have

A

700

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18
Q

How many men in William’s army?

A

7000

3000 horses

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19
Q

How did the Normans help William before they landed in England?

A

Prepared timbers to correct sizes and all bolts to fit them together to help build castles

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20
Q

Who did Harald Hardraada join forces with?

A

Tostig Godwinson

Harold’s brother

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21
Q

Where did the vikings capture York?

A

Battle of Fulford

Defeated Earls Edwin and Morcar

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22
Q

Where were Hardraada and Tostig killed?

A

Stamford Bridge

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23
Q

Why was Pevensey a good place to build a castle?

A

Old Roman fort

Large bay

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24
Q

Why did Harold win battle of Stamford Bridge?

A

Surprise
Hot day so no mail shirts
Regathered army after Battle of Fulford

25
Q

Why did William win battle of Hastings?

A

Expected surprise attack
Attacked shield with archers
Harold died

26
Q

When was William crowned King?

A

Christmas Day 1066

27
Q

Who led the rebellion in Mercia?

A

Edwin and Morcar

28
Q

What and when was Harrowing of North?

A

Slaughtered people
Burnt their homes, animals and crops so land was unusable

1069

29
Q

What was a royal writ?

A

Instructions from the King

30
Q

How long did it take William to take full control of England

A

1071

5 years

31
Q

When was last rebellion

A

1071

32
Q

When was Earl’s Revolt?

A

1975

33
Q

Enamel 2 peaceful ways William tried to secure English loyalty?

A

Allowed English lords who pledged loyalty to him to keep their land
Encouraged English lords to marry Normans

34
Q

Give 3 reasons why rebellion against William grew

A

Opposition increased because of high taxes
Lots of Godwin support
Many English lords wanted Edgar Aetheling to be King

35
Q

What percentage of land did William own?

A

22%

36
Q

When was domesday survey?

A

1085

37
Q

Why did William commission domesday survey?

A

To give a full account of land ownership

38
Q

List 3 ways Normans changed the legal system?

A

Introduced honourial court/Lord’s court
Lords dealt with crimes on his lands

Serious crimes tried in Kings court

Trial by ordeal
Cold water or hot iron

Watchmen to enforce curfew

Hue and cry - shared responsibility to catch suspect

39
Q

How did William ensure he had an army available to deal with rebellion?

A

Gave them land in return for military service

40
Q

What was trial by ordeal?

A

Method to determine guilt or innocence by subjecting accused to dangerous and painful tests
Fire and water

41
Q

William controlled more land than Edward

True or false?

A

True

42
Q

What new laws did William pass about inheritance?

A

Took back land if owner died without a male heir

43
Q

Domesday survey allowed William to raise or lower taxes?

A

Raise

44
Q

List 3 economic impacts of Norman conquest

A

Power and wealth of Lords increased
Free peasants lost their freedom as couldn’t afford higher rents

Trade increased
Value of northern villages fell

45
Q

List 3 differences between rich and poor

A 
Poor
Bread and soup
Small gardens to grow veg
Common land to graze animals 
Work done by hand

Rich
Lived off rent and produce grown by tenants
Bad teeth scurvy and rickets due to prior diet

46
Q

List differences between town and village life

A 
Wider range of occupations 
Opportunity to join a trade
Become apprentice 
New towns around castles 
towns got new Lords
47
Q

List 3 problems of English church before 1066

A

Pluralism
Clergy who held more than one important position

Simony
Buying powerful positions

Nepotism
Positions given to friends and family

48
Q

List 3 reforms of Lanfranc

A

Created synods church councils
Introduced new positions into hierarchy deans and archdeacons
Ended marriage amongst clergy
Role of parish church increased

49
Q

List 3 changes Normans made to church buildings

A

Knocked down Anglo Saxon cathedrals
Churches built out of stone
Cathedrals built Romanesque style
Thick walls, rounded arches, sturdy pillars

50
Q

What order domost monasteries belong to?

A

Benedictine

51
Q

List 3 vows monks and nuns take?

A

Poverty
Giving up possessions

Chastity
No marriage or sex

Obedience
Follow instructions

52
Q

What is liturgy?

A

Words used at religious services

53
Q

How many monks in 1066?

A

1000

54
Q

How many monks in 1135?

A

5000

55
Q

What is a Cluniac monastery?

A

Less independent

Had to follow rules of Cluny Abbey in France

56
Q

Where was first Cluniac monastery

A

Lewis

57
Q

What changes did Lanfranc introduce to monasteries?

A

Introduced constitution, strict rules
Reformed Liturgy
New chants
Creation of saints

58
Q

How did education and language change under Normans?

A

Church schools focus on Latin, music, law, maths, bible

Taught Norman french

59
Q

How many modern English words are based on french

A

A quarter

History (6 decks)

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