Norman Conquest 2

Question 1

Who was Edward’s half brother?

Answer 1

King Hathacanute

Question 2

When did Edward become King

Answer 2

1041

Question 3

After the rebellion who did Edward name as his successor if he died?

Answer 3

William Duke of Normandy

Question 4

In 1057 which family controlled earldoms in every part of England?

Answer 4

Godwins

Question 5

What is sub regulus?

Answer 5

Meant Harold could rule in the King’s place

Question 6

What year did Edward die?

Answer 6

1066

Question 7

Why did Edward’s closest relative not become King?

Answer 7

Edgar Aetheling was only 14
Did not have any supporters
Did not have any military experience

Question 8

What is witan?

Answer 8

King’s council

Question 9

What was Harold’s main claim to throne?

Answer 9

That before he died Edward had said he wanted him to be next King

Question 10

What was William’s main claim to throne?

Answer 10

He was a distant cousin of Edward

But illegitimate

Question 11

What was Harald Hardraada’s main claim to throne?

Answer 11

A promise made to his father
Supported by Tostig Godwinson (Harold’s brother)
Many in Northern England had Scandinavian roots and would have supported a Viking King

Question 12

Why did Edward need support of Godwin family?

Answer 12

Because they were a powerful family

Question 13

Explain the importance of Harold’s claim to throne in 1066?

Answer 13

No heir
Nearest relative 14
Richest man in England
Skilful military leader
Support of King’s council Witan
Before he died Edward said he wanted Harold to be King

Question 14

What are Housecarls?

Answer 14

Full time professional soldiers in Saxon army

Question 15

What are thegns?

Answer 15

Knights called up when needed to fight

Question 16

Who were William’s vassals?

Answer 16

The Lords who had sworn loyalty to him

Question 17

How many ships did William have

Answer 17

700

Question 18

How many men in William’s army?

Answer 18

7000

3000 horses

Question 19

How did the Normans help William before they landed in England?

Answer 19

Prepared timbers to correct sizes and all bolts to fit them together to help build castles

Question 20

Who did Harald Hardraada join forces with?

Answer 20

Tostig Godwinson

Harold’s brother

Question 21

Where did the vikings capture York?

Answer 21

Battle of Fulford

Defeated Earls Edwin and Morcar

Question 22

Where were Hardraada and Tostig killed?

Answer 22

Stamford Bridge

Question 23

Why was Pevensey a good place to build a castle?

Answer 23

Old Roman fort

Large bay

Question 24

Why did Harold win battle of Stamford Bridge?

Answer 24

Surprise
Hot day so no mail shirts
Regathered army after Battle of Fulford

Question 25

Why did William win battle of Hastings?

Answer 25

Expected surprise attack Attacked shield with archers Harold died

Question 26

When was William crowned King?

Answer 26

Christmas Day 1066

Question 27

Who led the rebellion in Mercia?

Answer 27

Edwin and Morcar

Question 28

What and when was Harrowing of North?

Answer 28

Slaughtered people Burnt their homes, animals and crops so land was unusable 1069

Question 29

What was a royal writ?

Answer 29

Instructions from the King

Question 30

How long did it take William to take full control of England

Answer 30

1071 | 5 years

Question 31

When was last rebellion

Answer 31

1071

Question 32

When was Earl’s Revolt?

Answer 32

1975

Question 33

Enamel 2 peaceful ways William tried to secure English loyalty?

Answer 33

Allowed English lords who pledged loyalty to him to keep their land Encouraged English lords to marry Normans

Question 34

Give 3 reasons why rebellion against William grew

Answer 34

Opposition increased because of high taxes Lots of Godwin support Many English lords wanted Edgar Aetheling to be King

Question 35

What percentage of land did William own?

Answer 35

22%

Question 36

When was domesday survey?

Answer 36

1085

Question 37

Why did William commission domesday survey?

Answer 37

To give a full account of land ownership

Question 38

List 3 ways Normans changed the legal system?

Answer 38

Introduced honourial court/Lord’s court Lords dealt with crimes on his lands Serious crimes tried in Kings court Trial by ordeal Cold water or hot iron Watchmen to enforce curfew Hue and cry - shared responsibility to catch suspect

Question 39

How did William ensure he had an army available to deal with rebellion?

Answer 39

Gave them land in return for military service

Question 40

What was trial by ordeal?

Answer 40

Method to determine guilt or innocence by subjecting accused to dangerous and painful tests Fire and water

Question 41

William controlled more land than Edward | True or false?

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What new laws did William pass about inheritance?

Answer 42

Took back land if owner died without a male heir

Question 43

Domesday survey allowed William to raise or lower taxes?

Answer 43

Raise

Question 44

List 3 economic impacts of Norman conquest

Answer 44

Power and wealth of Lords increased Free peasants lost their freedom as couldn’t afford higher rents Trade increased Value of northern villages fell

Question 45

List 3 differences between rich and poor

Answer 45

``` Poor Bread and soup Small gardens to grow veg Common land to graze animals Work done by hand ``` Rich Lived off rent and produce grown by tenants Bad teeth scurvy and rickets due to prior diet

Question 46

List differences between town and village life

Answer 46

``` Wider range of occupations Opportunity to join a trade Become apprentice New towns around castles towns got new Lords ```

Question 47

List 3 problems of English church before 1066

Answer 47

Pluralism Clergy who held more than one important position Simony Buying powerful positions Nepotism Positions given to friends and family

Question 48

List 3 reforms of Lanfranc

Answer 48

Created synods church councils Introduced new positions into hierarchy deans and archdeacons Ended marriage amongst clergy Role of parish church increased

Question 49

List 3 changes Normans made to church buildings

Answer 49

Knocked down Anglo Saxon cathedrals Churches built out of stone Cathedrals built Romanesque style Thick walls, rounded arches, sturdy pillars

Question 50

What order domost monasteries belong to?

Answer 50

Benedictine

Question 51

List 3 vows monks and nuns take?

Answer 51

Poverty Giving up possessions Chastity No marriage or sex Obedience Follow instructions

Question 52

What is liturgy?

Answer 52

Words used at religious services

Question 53

How many monks in 1066?

Answer 53

1000

Question 54

How many monks in 1135?

Answer 54

5000

Question 55

What is a Cluniac monastery?

Answer 55

Less independent | Had to follow rules of Cluny Abbey in France

Question 56

Where was first Cluniac monastery

Answer 56

Lewis

Question 57

What changes did Lanfranc introduce to monasteries?

Answer 57

Introduced constitution, strict rules Reformed Liturgy New chants Creation of saints

Question 58

How did education and language change under Normans?

Answer 58

Church schools focus on Latin, music, law, maths, bible | Taught Norman french

Question 59

How many modern English words are based on french

Answer 59

A quarter