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Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

List 3 agreements at Yalta

A

Stalin to join war against Japan
Divide Germany into zones run by USSR USA UK and France
Hunt down and prosecute Nazi war criminals
Join United Nations Organisation
Eastern Europe a soviet sphere of influence

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2
Q

List 3 reasons for disagreement at Potsdam

A

Truman more anti communist than Roosevelt
Stalin controlled most of Eastern Europe
Truman thought Stalin wanted a soviet empire
Stalin demanded compensation from Germany

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3
Q

When was Yalta meeting

A

February 1945

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4
Q

When was Potsdam meeting

A

July 1945

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5
Q

What was main disagreement about from Yalta

A

Poland

Stalin wanted to move border

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6
Q

List 4 capitalist ideologies

A

Business and property owned by individuals
Inequality between rich and poor
Many political parties
Free speech

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7
Q

List 4 communist ideologies

A

Business and property owned and run by Government
Greater equality between rich and poor
One party state
Personal freedom limited

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8
Q

Why did USSR mistrust Britain

A

Policy of appeasement in 1930s

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9
Q

When did Truman tell Stalin about atom bomb

A

At Potsdam conference

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10
Q

When did USA drop first atom bomb on Japan

A

6 August 1945

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11
Q

Where was first atom bomb dropped?

A

Japan

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12
Q

Why were USA and USSR hostile with each other before the war?

A

USA deported thousands of suspected communists in 1920s

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13
Q

Name 5 countries loyal to Stalin in 1946

A 
Poland
Albania
Hungary
Romania
Bulgaria
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14
Q

Who invented phrase iron curtain?

A

Churchill

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15
Q

What is iron curtain?

A

Border between communist countries and Western Europe

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16
Q

When was Comniform set up?

A

1947

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17
Q

Why was Comniform set up?

A

To co-ordinate work of the different Communist parties

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18
Q

What was Truman Doctrine?

A

A policy of containment

Stopping any further spread of communism

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19
Q

Which country had a civil war between monarchists and communists?

A

Greece

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20
Q

Why was there a disagreement over Turkey?

A

Important for oil reserves

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21
Q

What was the Marshall plan?

A

$17billion aid to rebuild Europe

Tackling poverty to make communism harder to spread

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22
Q

What year was Marshall Aid granted

A

1948

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23
Q

What was Stalin’s version of Marshall aid called?

A

Comecon

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24
Q

What was Berlin airlift?

A

Allies flew supplies to Berlin

Instead of moving roadblocks which would be seen as an act of war

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25
What were 2 German countries?
Federal Republic of Germany (West) | German Democratic Republic (East)
26
What was West Germany known as?
Federal Republic of Germany
27
What was East Germany known as?
German Democratic Republic
28
When did Korea divide into North and South?
1948
29
Who was leader of Communist party in 1949?
Mao Zedong
30
When was treaty of friendship with China signed?
1950
31
What countries signed a treaty of friendship in 1950?
China and USSR
32
Which Korea was communist? | North or South?
North
33
Which Korean country was supported by USA?
South
34
Which countries supported North Korea?
USSR | China
35
What happened to Korea in 1950?
North invaded South | South was taken over
36
When was Korean peace treaty signed
1953
37
Who led UN forces in Korea?
General MacArthur
38
When did Korean War start and end?
1948-1950
39
What was containment?
Stop spread of communism
40
What were the communist fighters called in Vietnam?
Vietnam Congress
41
When did Vietnam divide into North and South?
1954
42
Which country ruled Vietnam 1945-1954?
France
43
How did USA help France in Vietnam?
Provided financial aid
44
Which countries supported North Vietnam?
USSR | China
45
What year did China become communist?
1949
46
When was NATO formed?
April 1949
47
What does NATO stand for?
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
48
When was Warsaw Pact?
1955
49
Who instigated Warsaw Pact?
Khrushchev
50
What is Warsaw Pact?
Military bloc in Eastern Europe
51
When did USSR have own atomic bomb?
1949
52
What was an H bomb?
Hydrogen bomb
53
When was H bomb made
1952
54
Was H bomb more powerful than atom bomb?
Yes | 1000 times more powerful
55
Who announced US plans to make a satellite?
Eisenhower
56
What was Sputnik?
USSR Satellite | Could orbit Earth from space
57
When was Sputnik launched?
1957
58
What was special about Sputnik 11 in 1957
Carried a dog
59
When was NASA started?
1958
60
Who was first man in space?
Yurt Gagarin | USSR
61
When was first man sent into space ?
1961
62
When was first US man in space?
1969
63
What was ICBM?
Intercontinental ballistic missile
64
When was first ICBM tested?
1957
65
Where are Polaris missiles fired from?
Submarines
66
When did Stalin die
1953
67
How did Khrushchev operate a policy of deStalinisation?
``` Peaceful coexistence Reduced USSR spending on military Relaxed USSR’s control on Eastern Europe Released political prisoners Closed down Comniform Dismissed foreign minister Molotov ```
68
Where and when was a statue of Stalin pulled down?
1956 Student protest Budapest
69
What did Hungary do to be neutral in Cold War?
Leave Warsaw Pact
70
Which leader led the Hungarian uprising?
Imre Nagy
71
What happened in Hungary?
Thousands killed Nagy executed 200,000 Hungarians fled to Austria Khrushchev sent extra troops to Hungary and made Hungarians pay
72
Who took over from Nagy?
Kanarese
73
List 3 reforms made by Nagy which were accepted by Khrushchev
Leave Warsaw Pact Reintroduce private ownership of farms Declare Hungary neutral in Cold War
74
Which reform did Khrushchev object to?
Leaving Warsaw Pact
75
What was a U-2?
Spy plane with very powerful cameras
76
Why did USA use spy planes?
To gather intelligence (secret information)
77
Why did USSR not shoot spy planes down?
Did not have technology
78
What led to the U-2 crisis?
Capture of US a spy plane pilot Gary Powers Khrushchev pulled out of negotiations
79
Who ruled East Germany?
Walter Ulbricht
80
Who built Berlin Wall?
Khrushchev
81
When was Berlin Wall built?
1961
82
What happened if someone tried to cross Berlin Wall?
Shot by soldiers
83
Where could you cross Berlin Wall?
Checkpoint Charlie
84
Why did people from East Germany choose to cross into West Berlin?
To escape soviet control
85
How did the building of the Berlin Wall nearly lead to a conflict between USA and USSR?
Soviet tanks blocked Checkpoint Charlie Refused to let anyone cross US tanks pulled up to border Eventually retreated
86
Where were standards of living better East or West?
West
87
Where is Cuba?
160km off coast USA
88
Who was Cuban leader?
Batista
89
Who defeated Cuba
Fidel Castro
90
What happened at the bay of pigs?
``` Failed invasion Faced 20,000 Cuban troops Attempt to replace Castro Exiles captured or killed Embarrassment for USA and Kennedy ```
91
What was a naval blockade?
Stopping Soviet ships from bringing missiles to Cuba
92
When did USSR send nuclear missiles to Cuba?
1962
93
What was Prague Spring?
1968 Socialism with human face USSR would not tolerate any attempts to reform communism in Warsaw Pact countries Criticism of communism
94
Who was in charge of Prague Spring?
Dubbcek
95
What was Brezhnev Doctrine?
Clear rules for communist countries One party system Be members of Warsaw Pact
96
What changes did Dubcek try to make to communism in Czechoslovakia ?
Not leave Warsaw Pact Reduced censorship Reduced secret police
97
What is detente?
A reduction in tension
98
When was nuclear nonproliferation treaty signed?
1968
99
List reasons for detente
Huge cost of Vietnam war leading to rising inflation Declining living standards in USSR Worries over potential risk of nuclear war New leaders Nixon and Brezhnev more willing to talk Growing power of China Conflict in Middle East
100
What was SALT?
Strategic Arms Limitations Talks
101
What was agreed at SALT talks?
Limits on numbers of nuclear weapons
102
Why did both side want to reduce tension?
To prevent nuclear war

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