Normal Values in the blood

Question 1

How many types of hypoxia?

Answer 1

5:

Anaemic hypoxia? - can’t transport?

Hypoxic Hypoxia - can’t breathe in?

Ischaemic Hypoxia - obstruction / constriction

Oxygen affinity hypoxia - e.g. carbon monoxide poisoning - binds to haemoglobin

Stagnant hypoxia: decreased / static flow of blood - very low BP

Question 2

Normal potassium?

Answer 2

3.5-5.5

Question 3

Normal C02 in blood?

Answer 3

4-6.5

Question 4

Normal Glucose?

Answer 4

4-7

Question 5

Normal cardiac output (circulatory volume)

Answer 5

5 l per min

Question 6

Normal pH in bloodstream?

Answer 6

7.35-7.45

Question 7

Normal Sodium in bloodstream?

Answer 7

135-145

Question 8

Normal Lactate in the blood?

Answer 8

0.5-1.0

Question 9

Normal haemoglobin gram/decilitre M&F

Answer 9

M: 14-18
F: 12-16

Question 10

How much oxygen can each gram of haemoglobin bind to?

Answer 10

1.34ml per gram

Question 11

How much blood circulating roughly?

How much oxygen?

Answer 11

5 litres of blood with 1 litre of oxygen

Question 12

Why is the critical time 3-4 mins?

Answer 12

250ml oxygen per min required to make ATP effectively

Question 13

Sats - hypoxia

Answer 13

Sao2 (%)
Normal (range)	97 (95-100)
Hypoxaemia	<95
Mild hypoxaemia	90-94
Moderate hypoxaemia	75-89
Severe hypoxaemia        <75

Question 14

kPa - Hypoxia values

Normal range
Hypoxaemia
Mild hypoxaemia
Moderate
Severe

Answer 14

Pao2 (kPa)
Normal (range)	13 (⩾10.7)	
Hypoxaemia	<10.7
Mild hypoxaemia	8-10.5
Moderate hypoxaemia	5.3-7.9
Severe hypoxaemia	<5.3