Mega Principles - Hypoxia Flashcards
What happens what a call is deprived of oxygen?
Switch from AEROBIC to ANAEROBIC respiration
Oxygen Journey Describe (in aerobic respiration)
Air in mouth nose (21% oxygen), Into nose/mouth, nasopharynx, oropharnyx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, alveoli,
diffuses across membrane into bloodstream, binds to haemoglobin, forms oxyhaemoglobin….pumped to tissues…
red cells arrive in capillary bed, diffuses across very thin capillary wall, into interstitial space surrounding cell, through cell membrane, into cytoplasm.
In cytoplasm, oxygen is combined with glucose
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electro- transport phosphorylation
->36/38 ATP’s, plus carbon dioxide, heat, water
ATP required for sodium potassium pump, required for heart and other essential functions
How much oxygen breathed in is used?
25% (21% -> 16.5% out)
Anaerobic Respiration?
No oxygen for glucose to bind with….
Glucose creates PYRUVATE - acid
Lactic acid production++
Lactate production++
Very ineffective - only 2 x ATP’s created from 1
What happens to pH with anaerobic respiration?
Decrease in cellular pH - become acidotic
What happens re. ATP with anaerobic respiration?
Not enough ATP - interferes with sodium potassium pump required for normal electrical activity functioning
Hypoxic cell death - what happens?
Stop producing ATP:
accumulate SODIUM and therefore WATER
Accumulate CALCIUM in the cell
POTASSIUM leaks out of the cell (as acidotic)
- fluid and electrolyte imbalance + acidosis (pH imbalance)
Organelles are incompatible with life
- Lysosomes - thick cell wall full of digestive enzymes. Lysosomal membrane eaten away and used as nutrient source, own enzymes begin to digest own cells, killing them.
What pH causes cell death?
6.8
Common cause of bradycardia in children?
Hypoxia
Heart cells swell, sodium potassium pump fails
Sino-atrial node creates electricity BUT requires ATP
