normal values Flashcards

1
Q

Sp02

A

94-98%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Resp rate

A

12-16 a min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pH- ABG

A

7.35-7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pC02 (kPA) - ABG

A

4.7-6.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

p02 - ABGs

A

10.7- 13.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HC03

A

22-26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

BE

A

-2 to +2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

heart rate

A

60-100 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Blood pressure

A

120/80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

systolic

A

95-140

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

diastolic

A

60-90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

urine output (ml per kg/hour)

A

0.5- 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ear temp (centigrade)

A

35.7- 38 degrees centigrade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

capillary refill

A

less than 2 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PH low

A

acidotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PH high

17
Q

Co2 low

A

respiratory alkaloisis
hypocapnia- hyperventilation

18
Q

Co2 high

A

respiratory acidosis
hypercapnia - hypoventilation

19
Q

HC03 & BE low

A

metabolic acidosis

20
Q

HC03 & BE high

A

metabolic alkalosis

21
Q

type 1 resp failiure

A

Pa02- lower than 8

22
Q

type 1 resp impairment

A

Pa02- 8-10.7

23
Q

type 2 resp failiure

A
  • pH- acidotic lower than 7.35
  • PaC02 higher than 6
    Pa02- lower than 10.7
24
Q

type 2 failiure cause

A
  • low oxygen (hypoxemia) and high carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) levels in the blood.
  • The primary problem is alveolar hypoventilation, where the body is unable to adequately clear CO₂ from the blood
  • COPD - emphysema and chronic bronchitis can cause airflow obstruction, leading to CO₂ retention and difficulty in exhaling enough air.
  • fatigue
  • kyphoscoliosis- structural problems with the chest can limit lung expansion and cause CO₂ retention.
  • drigs- opiates - centeral respiratory depression impairs ventilation leading to C02 retention
  • nueromuscular disorders- Conditions such as muscular dystrophy or Guillain-Barré syndrome can weaken the muscles required for breathing, resulting in inadequate ventilation.
25
type 1 respiratory failure causes
* low levels of oxygen (hypoxaemia) in the blood, with a normal carbon dioxide level (PaCO₂). * It usually occurs due to ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch – the volume of air flowing in and out of the lungs is not matched with the flow of blood to the lung tissue. **Reduced ventilation and normal perfusion** * pneumonia- Infection in the lungs that leads to inflammation and impaired gas exchange * pulmonary odema- Fluid in the lungs, often due to heart failure, that impairs oxygenation **Reduced perfusion with normal ventilation** * pulmonary embolus- A blood clot that blocks a pulmonary artery, preventing proper oxygen exchange ``` ``` * pneumothorax * acute asthma- A severe asthma attack that significantly reduces the lung's ability to oxygenate blood, often with normal or low CO₂ levels. * acute respiratory distress syndrome- A condition characterized by widespread inflammation and fluid accumulation in the lungs, reducing oxygen absorption * Atelectasis – Collapse of lung tissue, which can obstruct oxygenation. * fibrosis- Interstitial lung diseases – Conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis that cause scarring of lung tissue, reducing its ability to absorb oxygen. * COPD * COVID