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Biology Of Cancer > Normal tissue development- Embryogenesis > Flashcards

Normal tissue development- Embryogenesis Flashcards

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1
Q

what is cell differentiation?

A

cells acquireing a specific fate during development

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2
Q

what is cell differentiation?

A

cells acquireing a specific fate during development

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3
Q

Types of stem cells?

A
  • toti potent
  • pluri potent
  • maltipotent
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4
Q

kenmerken stem cells?

A

undifferentiated
no specific cell fate

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5
Q

features differentiated cells?

A
  • specialized for specific function
  • Owns specific cell fate
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6
Q

What is a zygote?

A

fully undifferentiated cell

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7
Q

What is embryogenesis?

A

process of development of an embryo, from fertilization of egg to a mature organism.
serie of complex cell divisions and differentiation that lead to formation of all the organ sand tissues in the body

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8
Q

phases of Embryogeniuses?

A

fertilization → cleavage → Gastrulation → organogenesis

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9
Q

types of cleavage?

A
  • hol oblastic → entire division
  • Meroblastic → part division
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10
Q

what is a Morula?

A

8- 32 cell stage → External lager of cells with a gap filled with fluid
External cells = extern eblasts
inner cells= inner cell mass
trophe blast or trophoderm

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11
Q

purpose mitosis?

A

asexual reproduction, cell growth and tissue repair

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12
Q

purpose Meiosis?

A

sexual reproduction

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13
Q

Stages mitosis?

A

prophase → Metaphase → anaphase and Telophase

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14
Q

what happens during and after fertilization?

A

2 polar bodies formed on outside of the oocyte
calcium trigger 2 mechanisms:
- Reignites cells cycles
- to avoid other sperm cell to enter the oocyte

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15
Q

What is Symmetry breakage?

A

entry of sperm determines axis of asymmetry, determines head or tail side.
anterial cell is bigger ( Aba and Abp cells) posteri or Cell smaller (EMS)

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16
Q

composition of a Blast ocy te?

A

inner cell mass and Trophoblast

17
Q

Tropheblasts become?

A

placenta

18
Q

Inner cell mass become?

A

potential to become any cell of the organism
pluripotent stem cell

19
Q

what does the Hippo pathway regulate?

A

ICM or Trophoblast cell fate

20
Q

Hippo pathway off ?

A
  • low Cell density
  • yap TF active in nucleus
  • Target genes onn
  • Target genes inhibit ICM cell fate (OCT 4 Not expressed )
  • Blastomere = Trophoblast
21
Q

Hippo pathway on?

A
  • high cell density
  • Yap TF inactive in cytoplasm
  • Target genes don’t inhibit ICM → OCT4 expressed
  • Blastomere = ICM
22
Q

what does the Oct 4 regulat

A

ICM cell fate

23
Q

what does Yap TF?

A

regulate target gene in nucleus

24
Q

Hippo pathway in cancer?

A

activated when not supposed to can increase Carcinogenesis

25
Q

What happens with the implantation of the blastocys?

A

burrows/ fuses in uterine endometriose and forms new cells
gastrolation only animals can do this

26
Q

what happens during gastrolation

A

New position given to cells within the blastula. 3 new layers are formed, Ectoderm, Mesoderm and endoderm

27
Q

limitations in Gast relation of human embryo’s?

A
  • Ethical issue
  • no official studies after 14 days
  • specie - specific issue chicken is Similar
28
Q

What is the primitive streak?

A

early embryonic structure during gastrelation, process of forming the 3 germ layers
linear groove that forms on the dorsal surface, marks the site Where cells start to migrate and different iate into the 3 germ layers.
starting point for embryonic axis formation and a lley factor in the establishment of polarity and bilateral symmetry

29
Q

What is the Epithelial - to - Mesenchymal transition ( EMT)

A

process where epithelial cells lose their cell-cell adhesion and polarity and acquire Mesenchymal phenotype
increased mobility and abilit yto invade Surrounding tissues.
EMT is a key event in the formation of mesoderm from ectoderm and endederm germ layers

30
Q

Ectoderm turns into ?

A

Neurelation → NerVous system development

31
Q

what is Neurolation?

A

formation of Neural plate and Neural crest

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