7: stem cells in development and Cancer

Question 1

what is the concept of a stem cell?

Answer 1

• Ability to devide
• power to differentiate
• self-renewal

Question 2

What is asymmetrical cell division?

Answer 2

• stem cells can make otherstem cells while also producing cells for differentiation
  they don’t have to produce 2 of the same cells

Question 3

what is symetric cell division?

Answer 3

producing 2 stem cells or 2 differentiated cells

Question 4

what can loss of asymmetry cause?

Answer 4

over proliferation

Question 5

What is a totipotent stem cell?

Answer 5

stem cells that have the potential to differentiate into any cell type in the body (zygote)

Question 6

What is a pluripotent stem cell

Answer 6

Same as toti but can not differentiatie into extra embryonic tissue (ICM)

Question 7

what is a Multipotent stem cell?

Answer 7

stem cells that have the potential to differentiate into a limited range of cell types within a particular tissue or organ

Question 8

What is a oligopotent stem cells?

Answer 8

cells with potential to differentiate into a few closely related cell types

Question 9

What is an Unipotent stem cell?

Answer 9

cells with potential to differentiate into 1 celltype

Question 10

out of what stem cells consists the embryo?

Answer 10

• Totipotent
• pluripotent
• Multipotent

Question 11

what type of cells are adult stem cells?

Answer 11

Multipotent

Question 12

What is cell potency?

Answer 12

potential to differentiate into different types of cells

Question 13

what is a sten cell niche?

Answer 13

Microenvironment that Surrounds a stem cell

Question 14

intracellular Mechanisms in stem cell regulation?

Answer 14

• Asymetric localization of cytoplasmic determinant
• Epigenetic regulation
• transcriptional regulation

Question 15

Extracellular Mechanisms in stem cell regulation?

Answer 15

• Juxtacriene Signaling
• Mechanical force
• Paracriene and Exocriene Signaling

Question 16

what is Anoikis?

Answer 16

special type of apoptosis due to loss of cell-to cell contact

Question 17

Transit Amplifying zone?

Answer 17

Cell migration and amplification, progenitor cells : lineage committed

Question 18

what happens in the Base off crypts/stem cell zone?

Answer 18

renewal ISC ‘s

Question 19

what is the stem cell niche in Intestine?

Answer 19

Paneth cells and Crypt base columnar CBC
cell CBCC is the intestinal stem cell

Question 20

How can ISC keep their ability to divide? (Intestinal cells)

Answer 20

pareth cells secrete Wnt ligands Which stimulate proliferation of the CBC cells

Question 21

intestinal cell types present in an organoid?

Answer 21

• Goblet cells
• Enterocrine cells
• Enteroendocrine cells
• paneth cells
• Dead cells after anoikis

Question 22

growth factors that play an important role in regulating cell growth, proliferation and differentiation?

Answer 22

• EGF
• Wnt
• Notch
• Noggin
• Rspo

Question 23

Whith what transcription factors can you reprogramma a somatic cell?

Answer 23

• Oct 4
• Sox2
• klf 4
• C- Myc

Question 24

What is implantation?

Answer 24

Blastcyst burrows into the uterine endometrivm