Normal Structure And Function

Question 1

The pulsing of the heart that can be felt over the apex in the fifth left intercostal space (between the ribs) about 8 to 9 cm from the midline

Answer 1

Apex beat

Question 2

amount of blood pumped from the right or left ventricle per minute

Answer 2

Cardiac output

Question 3

A vessel between the pulmonary artery and the aorta that bypasses the lungs in fetal circulation. Failure to close after birth is called patent (PA-tent) ductus arteriosus.

Answer 3

Ductus arteriosus

Question 4

An opening between the two atria that allows blood to bypass the lungs in fetal circulation. Failure to close after birth results in a septal defect.

Answer 4

Foramen ovale

Question 5

Arterial sounds heard with a stethoscope during determination of blood pressure with a cuff

Answer 5

Korotkoff sounds

Question 6

The passage of fluid, such as blood, through an organ or tissue

Answer 6

Perfusion

Question 7

The anterior region over the heart and the lower part of the thorax; adjective, precordial

Answer 7

Precordium

Question 8

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Answer 8

Pulse pressure

Question 9

A normal heart rhythm originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 9

Sinus rhythm

Question 10

The amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle with each beat

Answer 10

Stroke volume

Question 11

Bearing down, as in childbirth or defecation, by attempting to exhale forcefully with the nose and throat closed. This action has an effect on the cardiovascular system.

Answer 11

Valsalva maneuver

Question 12

An abnormal sound heard in auscultation

Answer 12

Bruit

Question 13

Pathologic accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac. May result from pericarditis or injury to the heart or great vessels.

Answer 13

Cardiac tamponade

Question 14

heartbeat that originates from some part of the heart other than the SA node

Answer 14

Ectopic beat

Question 15

Premature contraction of the heart that occurs separately from the nor- mal beat and originates from a part of the heart other than the SA node

Answer 15

Extrasystole

Question 16

Very rapid (200 to 300 beats per minute) but regular contractions, as in the atria or the ventricles

Answer 16

Flutter

Question 17

A condition of lower-than-normal blood pressure

Answer 17

Hypotension

Question 18

Pain in a muscle during exercise caused by inadequate blood supply. The pain disappears with rest.

Answer 18

Intermittent claudication

Question 19

Movement of the cusps of the mitral valve into the left atrium when the ventricles contract

Answer 19

Mitral valve prolapse

Question 20

Arteriosclerotic disease of the vessels, usually peripheral vessels

Answer 20

Occlusive vascular disease

Question 21

sensation of abnormally rapid or irregular heartbeat

Answer 21

Palpitation

Question 22

Edema that retains the impression of a finger pressed firmly into the skin

Answer 22

Pitting edema

Question 23

Potentially fatal collagen disease causing inflammation of small vis- ceral arteries. Symptoms depend on the organ affected.

Answer 23

Polyarteritis nodosa

Question 24

disorder characterized by abnormal constriction of peripheral ves- sels in the arms and legs on exposure to cold

Answer 24

Raynaud disease

Question 25

A backward flow, such as the backflow of blood through a defective valve

Answer 25

Regurgitation

Question 26

Stoppage of normal blood normal flow, as of blood or urine. Blood stasis may lead to dermatitis and ulcer formation.

Answer 26

Stasis

Question 27

Growth of bacteria in a heart or valves previously damaged by rheumatic fever

Answer 27

Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)

Question 28

A combination of four congenital heart abnormalities: pulmonary artery stenosis, interventricular septal defect, displacement of the aorta to the right, right ventricular hypertrophy

Answer 28

Tetralogy of fallot

Question 29

Inflammation and thrombus formation resulting in occlusion of small vessels, especially in the legs. Most common in young men and corre- lated with heavy smoking. Thrombotic occlusion of leg vessels in young men leading to gangrene of the feet. Patients show a hypersen- sitivity to tobacco. Also called Buerger disease.

Answer 29

Thromboangiitis obliterans

Question 30

Irregular outgrowths of bacteria on the heart valves; associated with rheumatic fever

Answer 30

Vegetation

Question 31

cardiac arrhythmia consisting of tachycardia and a premature ven- tricular beat caused by an alternate conduction pathway

Answer 31

Wolff-parkinson- white syndrome (WPW)

Question 32

Passage of a catheter into the heart through a vessel to inject a con- trast medium for imaging, diagnosing abnormalities, obtaining sam- ples, or measuring pressure

Answer 32

Cardiac catheterization

Question 33

Pressure in the superior vena cava

Answer 33

Central venous pressure (CVP)