Normal Structure And Function Flashcards
The pulsing of the heart that can be felt over the apex in the fifth left intercostal space (between the ribs) about 8 to 9 cm from the midline
Apex beat
amount of blood pumped from the right or left ventricle per minute
Cardiac output
A vessel between the pulmonary artery and the aorta that bypasses the lungs in fetal circulation. Failure to close after birth is called patent (PA-tent) ductus arteriosus.
Ductus arteriosus
An opening between the two atria that allows blood to bypass the lungs in fetal circulation. Failure to close after birth results in a septal defect.
Foramen ovale
Arterial sounds heard with a stethoscope during determination of blood pressure with a cuff
Korotkoff sounds
The passage of fluid, such as blood, through an organ or tissue
Perfusion
The anterior region over the heart and the lower part of the thorax; adjective, precordial
Precordium
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
Pulse pressure
A normal heart rhythm originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node
Sinus rhythm
The amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle with each beat
Stroke volume
Bearing down, as in childbirth or defecation, by attempting to exhale forcefully with the nose and throat closed. This action has an effect on the cardiovascular system.
Valsalva maneuver
An abnormal sound heard in auscultation
Bruit
Pathologic accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac. May result from pericarditis or injury to the heart or great vessels.
Cardiac tamponade
heartbeat that originates from some part of the heart other than the SA node
Ectopic beat
Premature contraction of the heart that occurs separately from the nor- mal beat and originates from a part of the heart other than the SA node
Extrasystole
Very rapid (200 to 300 beats per minute) but regular contractions, as in the atria or the ventricles
Flutter
A condition of lower-than-normal blood pressure
Hypotension
Pain in a muscle during exercise caused by inadequate blood supply. The pain disappears with rest.
Intermittent claudication
Movement of the cusps of the mitral valve into the left atrium when the ventricles contract
Mitral valve prolapse
Arteriosclerotic disease of the vessels, usually peripheral vessels
Occlusive vascular disease
sensation of abnormally rapid or irregular heartbeat
Palpitation
Edema that retains the impression of a finger pressed firmly into the skin
Pitting edema
Potentially fatal collagen disease causing inflammation of small vis- ceral arteries. Symptoms depend on the organ affected.
Polyarteritis nodosa
disorder characterized by abnormal constriction of peripheral ves- sels in the arms and legs on exposure to cold
Raynaud disease
A backward flow, such as the backflow of blood through a defective valve
Regurgitation
Stoppage of normal blood normal flow, as of blood or urine. Blood stasis may lead to dermatitis and ulcer formation.
Stasis
Growth of bacteria in a heart or valves previously damaged by rheumatic fever
Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
A combination of four congenital heart abnormalities: pulmonary artery stenosis, interventricular septal defect, displacement of the aorta to the right, right ventricular hypertrophy
Tetralogy of fallot
Inflammation and thrombus formation resulting in occlusion of small vessels, especially in the legs. Most common in young men and corre- lated with heavy smoking. Thrombotic occlusion of leg vessels in young men leading to gangrene of the feet. Patients show a hypersen- sitivity to tobacco. Also called Buerger disease.
Thromboangiitis obliterans
Irregular outgrowths of bacteria on the heart valves; associated with rheumatic fever
Vegetation
cardiac arrhythmia consisting of tachycardia and a premature ven- tricular beat caused by an alternate conduction pathway
Wolff-parkinson- white syndrome (WPW)
Passage of a catheter into the heart through a vessel to inject a con- trast medium for imaging, diagnosing abnormalities, obtaining sam- ples, or measuring pressure
Cardiac catheterization
Pressure in the superior vena cava
Central venous pressure (CVP)
