Lesson 2 Flashcards
• is any alteration from the normal structure or function of any part of the body.
Disease
caused by microorganisms and other parasites that live at the expense of another organism.
Infectious disease
Any disease-causing organisms is described as a __________.
Pathogen
resulting from wear and tear, aging, or trauma (injury) that can result in a lesion (wound) and perhaps necrosis (death) of tissue.
Degenerative diseases
Death or cell death means
Necrosis
abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue.
Neoplasia /neoplasm
failures of the immune system, allergies, and autoimmune diseases, in which the body makes antibodies to its own tissues, fall into this category.
Immune disorders
resulting from lack of enzymes or other factors needed for cellular functions.
Metabolic disorders
caused by underproduction or overproduction of hormones or by inability of the hormones to function properly.
Hormonal disorders
disorders that affect the mind and adaptation of an individual to his or her environment
Mental and emotional disorders
the cause of a disease.
Etiology
sudden and severe and of short duration.
Acute disease
is of long duration and progress slowly.
Chronic disease
• are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and worms.
• they may be named according to their shape and by the arrangements they form.
• also described according to the dyes they take up when stained in the laboratory.
Infectious disease
presence of harmful microorganisms or their toxins in the body.
Sepsis
simple microscopic organisms that are widespread throughout the world, some of which can procuce disease;
Bacteria
submicroscopic infectious agents that can live and reproduce only within living cells
Viruses
simple, nongreen plants, some of which are parasitic;
includes yeasts and molds
Fungi
Singe-called animals
Protozoa
Also called as worms
Helminths
• a common response to infection and to other forms of disease.
Inflammation
getting rid of invading microorganisms, damaged cells, and other types of harmful debris.
Phagocytosis
• cells of the immune system recognize different foreign invaders, and get rid of them by direct attack and with circulating antibodies that immobilize and help to destroy the cells.
Immunity
neoplasm that does not spread although it may cause damage at the site where it grows.
Benign
a sac or pouch filled with fluid or semisolid material that is usually abnormal but not cancerous.
Cyst
is a neoplasm that metastisizes to other tissues and commonly called as
Cancer.
Malignant
malignant tumor that involves epithelial tissue.
Carninoma
the tumor arises in the glandular epithelium.
Adenocarcinoma
cancer of pigmented epithelial cells.
Melanoma
neoplasm that involves connective tissue, muscle or bones.
Sarcoma
Protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening; a rupture
Hernia
distinct area of damaged tissue; an injury or wound
Lesion
To spread from one part of the body to another; characteristic of cancer.
The noun is metastasis
Metastasize
An organism that grows on or in another organism (the host), causing damage to it
Parasite
dropping or downward displacement of an organ or part;
Prolapse
product of inflammation consisting of fluid and white blood cells
Pus
A poison
Toxin
physical or psychological wound or injury
Trauma
Alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o-
Pain
Carnin/o
Cancer, carcinoma
Cyst/o, cyst/i
Dilled sac or pouch, cyst. bladder
Lith
Calculus, stone
Onc/o
Tumor
Path/o
Disease
Py/o
Pus
Pyr/o, pyret:o
Fire, fever
Scler/o
Hard
Tox/o, toxic/o
Poison
Brady-
Slow
Dys-
abnormal, painful, difficult
Mal-
Bad, poor
Pachy-
Thick
Tachy-
Rapid
Xero-
Dry
-algia,-algesia
Pain
-cele
Hernia, localized dilation
-clasis, -clasia
Breaking
-itis
Inflammation
-megaly
Enlargement
-odynia
Pain
-oma
Tumor
-pathy
Any disease of
-rhage, -rhagia
Bursting forth,profuse flow, hemorrhage
-ectasia, -ectasis
Dilation
Edema
Accumulation of fluid, swelling
Lysis
Separation, loosening, dissolving, destruction
Malacia
Softening
Sudden contraction, cramp
Spasm
Suppresion, stoppage
Stasis
Narrowing, contriction
Stenosis
Staphyl/o
Grapelike cluster
Strept/o
Twisted chain
A laboratory staining procedure used mainly to identify the tuberculosis
organism
Acid-fast chain
Worsening of disease; increase in severity of a disease or its symptoms
Exacerbation
Caused by the effects of treatment
Iatrogenic
Having no known cause
Idiopathic
Localized, noninvasive
In situ
Describing an infection acquired in a hospital
Nosocomial
Describing an infection that occurs because of a poor or altered condition of the host
Opportunistic
A lessening of disease symptoms, the period during which such lessening occur
Remission
Presence of pathogenic bacteria in the blood; blood poisoning
Septicima
Pertaining to the whole body
Systemic
A localized collection of pus
Abscess
A uniting of two surfaces or parts that may normally be separated
Adhesion
Lack of normal differentiation, as shown by cancer cells
Anaplasia
Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Ascites
A spreading intlammation o tissue
Cellulitis
Escape of fluid into a cavity or other body part
Effusion
Material that escapes from blood vessels as a result of injury to tissues
Exudate
A groove or split
Fissure
An abnormal passage between two organs or from an organ to the surface of the body
Fistula
Death of tissue, usually caused by lack of blood supply; may be associated with
bacterial infection and decomposition
Gangrene
Excessive growth of normal cells in normal arrangement
Hyperplasia
An increase in size of an organ without increase in the number of cells; ma’ result from an increase in activity. as in muscles
Hypertrophy
Hardening; an abnormally hard spot or place
Induration
Conversion of cells to a form that is not normal for that tissue
Metaplasia
tumor attached by a thin stalk
Polyp
Forming or containing pus
Purulent
Pus formation
Suppuration
CA
Cancer
CIS
Carcinoma in situ
FUO
Fever of unknown origin
MRSA
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
Staph
Staphylococcus
Strep
Streptococcus
VRSA
Vancomycin- resistant staphylococcus aureus
