Cardiovascular Disorder

Question 1

A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery, caused by weakness of the vessel wall; may eventually burst

Answer 1

Aneurysm

Question 2

A feeling of constriction around the heart or pain that may radiate to the left arm or shoulder, usually brought on by exertion; caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart

Answer 2

Angina pectoris

Question 3

Any abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat (literally “without rhythm”; note doubled r). Also called dysrhythmia.

Answer 3

Arrhythymia

Question 4

The development of fatty, fibrous patches (plaques) in the lining of arteries, causing narrowing of the lumen and hardening of the vessel wall. The most common form of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). Root ather/o means “porridge” or “gruel.”

Answer 4

Atherosclerosis

Question 5

slow heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute

Answer 5

Bradycardia

Question 6

Sudden damage to the brain resulting from reduction of blood flow. Causes include atherosclerosis, embolism, thrombosis, or hemor- rhage from a ruptured aneurysm; commonly called stroke.

Answer 6

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Question 7

Enlargement of the ends of the fingers and toes caused by growth of the soft tissue around the nails (see Fig. 7-10). Seen in a variety of diseases in which there is poor peripheral circulation.

Answer 7

Clubbing

Question 8

Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen

Answer 8

Cyanosis

Question 9

Thrombophlebitis involving the deep veins

Answer 9

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Question 10

Profuse sweating

Answer 10

Diaphoresis

Question 11

An aneurysm in which blood enters the arterial wall and separates the layers. Usually involves the aorta

Answer 11

Dissecting aneurysm

Question 12

Disorder in serum lipid levels, which is an important factor in devel- opment of atherosclerosis. Includes hyperlipidemia (high lipids), hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol), hypertriglyceridemia (high triglycerides).

Answer 12

Dyslipidemia

Question 13

Difficult or labored breathing

Answer 13

Dyspnea

Question 14

Swelling of body tissues caused by the presence of excess fluid.
Causes include cardiovascular disturbances, kidney failure, inflam- mation, and malnutrition.

Answer 14

Edema

Question 15

Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other matter carried in the circulation

Answer 15

Embolism

Question 16

A mass carried in the circulation. Usually a blood clot, but may also be air, fat, bacteria, or other solid matter from within or from outside the body.

Answer 16

Embolus

Question 17

Spontaneous, quivering, and ineffectual contraction of muscle fibers, as in the atria or the ventricles

Answer 17

Fibrillation

Question 18

An interference in the conduction system of the heart resulting in arrhythmia (see Fig. 9-13). The condition is classified in order of increasing severity as first-, second-, or third-degree heart block. Block in a bundle branch is designated as a left or right bundle branch block (BBB).

Answer 18

Heart block

Question 19

A condition caused by the inability of the heart to maintain adequate circulation of blood

Answer 19

Heart failure

Question 20

A varicose vein in the rectum

Answer 20

Hemorrhoid

Question 21

A condition of higher-than-normal blood pressure. Essential (pri- mary, idiopathic) hypertension has no known cause.

Answer 21

Hypertension

Question 22

An area of localized necrosis (death) of tissue resulting from a block- age or a narrowing of the artery that supplies the area

Answer 22

Infarct

Question 23

Local deficiency of blood supply caused by obstruction of the circula- tion

Answer 23

Ischemia

Question 24

An abnormal heart sound

Answer 24

Murmur

Question 25

Localized NECROSIS (death) of CARDIAC MUSCLE tissue resulting from blockage or narrowing of the coronary artery that supplies that area. Myocardial infarction is usually caused by formation of a thrombus (clot) in a vessel

Answer 25

Myocardial infarction

Question 26

A closing off or obstruction, as of a vessel

Answer 26

Occlusion

Question 27

Persistence of the ductus arteriosus after birth. The ductus arteriosus is a vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta in the fetus to bypass the lungs.

Answer 27

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 28

Inflammation of the veins

Answer 28

Phlebitis

Question 29

A patch. With regard to the cardiovascular system, a deposit of fatty material and other substances on a vessel wall that impedes blood flow and may block the vessel. Atheromatous plaque.

Answer 29

Plaque

Question 30

Damage to heart valves after infection with a type of streptococcus (group A hemolytic streptococcus). The antibodies produced in response to the infection produce scarring of the valves, usually the mitral valve.

Answer 30

Rheumatic heart disease

Question 31

Circulatory failure resulting in inadequate supply of blood to the heart. Cardiogenic shock is caused by heart failure; hypovolemic shock is caused by a loss of blood volume; septic shock is caused by bacterial infection.

Answer 31

Shock

Question 32

Constriction or narrowing of an opening

Answer 32

Stenosis

Question 33

See cerebrovascular accident

Answer 33

Stroke

Question 34

A temporary loss of consciousness caused by inadequate blood flow to the brain; fainting

Answer 34

Syncope

Question 35

An abnormally rapid heart rate, usually over 100 beats per minute

Answer 35

Tachycardia

Question 36

Inflammation of a vein associated with formation of a blood clot

Answer 36

Thrombophlebitis

Question 37

Development of a blood clot within a vessel

Answer 37

Thrombosis

Question 38

A blood clot that forms within a blood vessel

Answer 38

Thrombus

Question 39

A twisted and swollen vein resulting from breakdown of the valves, pooling of blood, and chronic dilatation of the vessel also called varix or varicosity

Answer 39

Varicose vein