Normal structure and function Flashcards
Lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx; the pharyngeal tonsils
adenoids
The tiny air sacs in the lungs through which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere
and the blood in respiration. An ___, in general, is a small hollow
or cavity; the term also applies to the bony socket for a tooth
alveoli
One of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes
bronchiole
One of the larger air passageways in the lungs. The bronchi begin as two branches of the
trachea and then subdivide within the lungs
bronchus
A gas produced by energy metabolism in cells and eliminated through the lungs
carbon dioxide (CO2)
An acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water; H2CO3
carbonic acid
A measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure. ____ is reduced in many
types of respiratory disorders
compliance
The dome-shaped muscle under the lungs that flattens during inspiration
diaphragm
A leaf-shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from
entering the trachea
epiglottis
The act of coughing up material from the respiratory tract; also the material thus released;
sputum
expectoration
The act of breathing out or expelling air from the lungs; exhalation
expiration
The opening between the vocal cords
glottis
The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen
hemoglobin
The act of drawing air into the lungs; inhalation
inspiration
The enlarged, superior portion of the trachea that contains the vocal cords
larynx
A cone-shaped, spongy respiratory organ contained within the thorax
lung
The space between the lungs together with the organs contained in this space
mediastinum
The organ of the face used for breathing and for housing receptors for the sense of smell;
includes an external portion and an internal nasal cavity
nose
The gas needed by cells to release energy from food during metabolism
oxygen (O2)
The paired masses of lymphoid tissue located on either side of the oropharynx; usually
meant when the term tonsils is used alone
palatine tonsils
The throat; a common passageway for food entering the esophagus and air entering the
larynx
pharynx
The nerve that activates the diaphragm
phrenic nerve
A double-layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) and covers the
lungs
pleura
The thin, fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pleura; pleural cavity
pleural space
The movement of air into and out of the lungs
pulmonary ventilation
A cavity or channel; the paranasal sinuses are located near the nose and drain into the nasal
cavity
sinus
The substance released by coughing or clearing the throat; expectoration. It may contain a
variety of material from the respiratory tract
sputum
A substance that decreases surface tension within the alveoli and eases lung expansion
surfactant
The air passageway that extends from the larynx to the bronchi
trachea
The bony projections in the nasal cavity that contain receptors for the sense of smell. Also
called conchae
turbinate bones
Membranous folds on either side of the larynx that are important in speech production.
Also called vocal folds
vocal cords
A projection of the lowest tracheal cartilage that forms a ridge between the two bronchi. Used as a landmark for endoscopy. Any ridge or ridge-like structure (from a Latin
word that means “keel”)
carina
An anatomic depression in an organ where vessels and nerves enter
hilum
The external openings of the nose; the nostrils
nares
The partition that divides the nasal cavity into two parts
nasal septum
