Disorders Flashcards
Abnormal acidity of body fluids. Respiratory acidosis is caused by abnormally high
carbon dioxide levels
acidosis
Pulmonary edema that can lead rapidly to fatal respiratory failure; causes include
trauma, aspiration into the lungs, viral pneumonia, and drug reactions; shock lung
acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS)
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa with sneezing, tearing, and profuse secretion of
watery mucus, as seen in the common cold
acute rhinitis
Abnormal alkalinity of body fluids. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by abnormally low
carbon dioxide levels
alkalosis
The accidental inhalation of food or other foreign material into the lungs. Also means
the withdrawal of fluid from a cavity by suction
aspiration
A disease characterized by dyspnea and wheezing caused by spasm of the bronchial
tubes or swelling of their mucous membranes
asthma
Incomplete expansion of a lung or part of a lung; lung collapse. May be present at
birth (as in respiratory distress syndrome) or be caused by bronchial obstruction or
compression of lung tissue
atelectasis
Chronic dilatation of a bronchus or bronchi
bronchiectasis
Inflammation of a bronchus
bronchitis
Any of a group of chronic, progressive, and debilitating respiratory diseases, which
includes emphysema, asthma, bronchitis, and bronchiectasis
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen in the blood
cyanosis
An inherited disease that affects the pancreas, respiratory system, and sweat glands.
Characterized by mucus accumulation in the bronchi causing obstruction and leading
to infection
cystic fibrosis (CF)
Acute infectious disease, usually limited to the upper respiratory tract, characterized by
the formation of a surface pseudomembrane composed of cells and coagulated material
diphtheria
Difficult or labored breathing, sometimes with pain; “air hunger”
dyspnea
A chronic pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement and destruction of the
alveoli
emphysema
Accumulation of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural space; pyothorax
empyema
The spitting of blood from the mouth or respiratory tract
hemoptysis
Presence of blood in the pleural space
hemothorax
Presence of fluid in the pleural space
hydrothorax
Increased rate and depth of breathing; increase in the amount of air entering the
alveoli
hyperventilation
Decreased rate and depth of breathing; decrease in the amount of air entering the
alveoli
hypoventilation
An acute, contagious respiratory infection causing fever, chills, headache, and muscle
pain; “flu”
influenza
An acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough ending in a whooping inspiration; whooping cough
pertussis
Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. The fluid may contain blood (hemothorax) or pus (pyothorax or empyema)
pleural effusion
Inflammation of the pleura; pleuritis. A symptom of ___ is sharp pain on
breathing
pleurisy
Disease of the respiratory tract caused by inhalation of dust particles. Named more
specifically by the type of dust inhaled, such as silicosis, anthracosis, asbestosis
pneumoconiosis
Inflammation of the lungs generally caused by infection. May involve the bronchioles and alveoli (bronchopneumonia) or one or more lobes of the lung (lobar pneumonia)
pneumonia
Inflammation of the lungs; may be caused by infection, asthma, allergy, or inhalation
of irritants
pneumonitis
Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space. May result from injury or disease or
may be produced artificially to collapse a lung
pneumothorax
Accumulation of pus in the pleural space; empyema
pyothorax
A respiratory disorder that affects premature infants born without enough surfactant
in the lungs. It is treated with respiratory support and surfactant administration
Respiratory distress
syndrome (RDS)
The sudden and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant; crib death
sudden infant death
syndrome (SIDS)
An infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Often involves the lungs but may involve other parts of the body as well. Miliary
(MIL-ē-ar-ē) tuberculosis is an acute generalized form of the disease with formation of
minute tubercles that resemble millet seeds
tuberculosis
