Normal Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

What breathing abnormality will most pregnant women have in the third trimester?

A

Hypoventilation (which will cause hypercapnea) due to high progesterone levels

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2
Q

What will snoring in pregnancy often cause?

A

HTN (pre-eclampsia)

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3
Q

Does snoring in pregnancy cause problems with the baby?

A

Yes. Lower Apgar score and lower birth weight.

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4
Q

What sleep pattern is seen in newborns before circadian entrainment occurs?

A

Polyphasic sleep. Several sleep episodes that occur both during the day and night.

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5
Q

Sleep duration of a 1 year old

A

13 to 15 hours (2 to 3 hours of this is napping)

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6
Q

How many naps does a 1 year old typically take?

A

2 naps

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7
Q

At what age should naps stop

A

By age 6. If they still nap it usually means sleep deprivation or a sleep disorder.

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8
Q

What effect does sleep deprivation have with increasing age?

A

Resistance to sleep deprivation increases with age

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9
Q

Sleep by Age Range

Newborns: Duration? Unique characteristics?

A

Sleep 16-18 hours per day (5 to 10 hours napping)

Sleep is polyphasic

50% REM

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10
Q

Sleep by Age Range

What appears at 2 to 3 months

A

Sleep spindles appear

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11
Q

Sleep by Age Range

3 to 4 months. What changes?

A

Major sleep period is at night

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12
Q

Sleep by Age Range

4 to 4.5 months: What happens to the sleep stages?

A

Stages N1, N2 and N3 can be ascertained

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13
Q

Sleep by Age Range

5 months: What first appears?

A

K complexes appear

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14
Q

Sleep by Age Range

1 year: Duration of napping % of REM sleep?

A

2 to 3 hours napping

30% REM

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15
Q

Sleep by Age Range

14 to 17 years: Sleep duration? What change in sleep phases?

A

8 to 10 hours sleep per day (no naps)

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16
Q

Sleep by Age Range

1 to 2 years: Sleep duration?

A

11 to 14 hours sleep per day (1.5 to 2.5 hours napping)

17
Q

Sleep by Age Range

6 to 13 years: Sleep duration?

A

9 to 11 hours sleep per day

18
Q

Sleep by Age Range

Over 65 (hormonal change, naps & quality)

A

Decreased melatonin

Napping returns

Onset and maintenance insomnia

19
Q

Sleep by Age Range

3 to 5 years: Sleep duration?

A

10 to 13 hours sleep per day (0 to 2.5 hours napping)

20
Q

Sleep by Age Range

20 to 65 years: What change in sleep phase occurs? General change in sleep with menopause.

A

Decrease in SWS

Worse sleep in menopause

21
Q

Sleep in pregnancy

First trimester (1 to 3 months)

A

Naps

Increased TST

Increased REM

Decreased SWS

22
Q

Sleep in pregnancy

Second trimester (4 to 6 months)

A

Decreased SWS

Decreased REM

Sleep paralysis

Less somnambulism and somniloquy

23
Q

Sleep in pregnancy

Third trimester (7 to 9 months)

A

Decreased TST, SWS, REM

Increased WASO

RLS, Leg cramps

Sleep paralysis

Return on somnambulism

24
Q

Postpartum

A

Decreased TST, REM, REM latency, N2

Increased SWS

25
Q

How much recovery sleep is needed in a 60 year old vs a 25 year old?

A

60 year old = 1 night

25 year old = 2 nights

26
Q

EEG findings in the awake state with chronic sleep deprivation

A

Increased delta and theta

Decreased alpha

27
Q

After 2 days sleep deprivation, what will happen to SWS and REM sleep during a recovery night?

A

SWS increases

REM stays same or may actually decrease

28
Q

What effect will chronic sleep deprivation have on SWS

A

It will increase as the body attempts to conserve it

29
Q

Which part of the autonomic nervous system is dominant in tonic REM and phasic REM respectively?

A
  • Tonic REM = parasympathetic
  • Phasic REM = sympathetic
30
Q

What part of the autonomic nervous system is predominant during NREM sleep?

A

Parasympathetic

31
Q

What is the normal change in blood pressure during sleep called?

A

Nocturnal dipping