Normal Sleep Flashcards
What breathing abnormality will most pregnant women have in the third trimester?
Hypoventilation (which will cause hypercapnea) due to high progesterone levels
What will snoring in pregnancy often cause?
HTN (pre-eclampsia)
Does snoring in pregnancy cause problems with the baby?
Yes. Lower Apgar score and lower birth weight.
What sleep pattern is seen in newborns before circadian entrainment occurs?
Polyphasic sleep. Several sleep episodes that occur both during the day and night.
Sleep duration of a 1 year old
13 to 15 hours (2 to 3 hours of this is napping)
How many naps does a 1 year old typically take?
2 naps
At what age should naps stop
By age 6. If they still nap it usually means sleep deprivation or a sleep disorder.
What effect does sleep deprivation have with increasing age?
Resistance to sleep deprivation increases with age
Sleep by Age Range
Newborns: Duration? Unique characteristics?
Sleep 16-18 hours per day (5 to 10 hours napping)
Sleep is polyphasic
50% REM
Sleep by Age Range
What appears at 2 to 3 months
Sleep spindles appear
Sleep by Age Range
3 to 4 months. What changes?
Major sleep period is at night
Sleep by Age Range
4 to 4.5 months: What happens to the sleep stages?
Stages N1, N2 and N3 can be ascertained
Sleep by Age Range
5 months: What first appears?
K complexes appear
Sleep by Age Range
1 year: Duration of napping % of REM sleep?
2 to 3 hours napping
30% REM
Sleep by Age Range
14 to 17 years: Sleep duration? What change in sleep phases?
8 to 10 hours sleep per day (no naps)
Sleep by Age Range
1 to 2 years: Sleep duration?
11 to 14 hours sleep per day (1.5 to 2.5 hours napping)
Sleep by Age Range
6 to 13 years: Sleep duration?
9 to 11 hours sleep per day
Sleep by Age Range
Over 65 (hormonal change, naps & quality)
Decreased melatonin
Napping returns
Onset and maintenance insomnia
Sleep by Age Range
3 to 5 years: Sleep duration?
10 to 13 hours sleep per day (0 to 2.5 hours napping)
Sleep by Age Range
20 to 65 years: What change in sleep phase occurs? General change in sleep with menopause.
Decrease in SWS
Worse sleep in menopause
Sleep in pregnancy
First trimester (1 to 3 months)
Naps
Increased TST
Increased REM
Decreased SWS
Sleep in pregnancy
Second trimester (4 to 6 months)
Decreased SWS
Decreased REM
Sleep paralysis
Less somnambulism and somniloquy
Sleep in pregnancy
Third trimester (7 to 9 months)
Decreased TST, SWS, REM
Increased WASO
RLS, Leg cramps
Sleep paralysis
Return on somnambulism
Postpartum
Decreased TST, REM, REM latency, N2
Increased SWS
How much recovery sleep is needed in a 60 year old vs a 25 year old?
60 year old = 1 night
25 year old = 2 nights
EEG findings in the awake state with chronic sleep deprivation
Increased delta and theta
Decreased alpha
After 2 days sleep deprivation, what will happen to SWS and REM sleep during a recovery night?
SWS increases
REM stays same or may actually decrease
What effect will chronic sleep deprivation have on SWS
It will increase as the body attempts to conserve it
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is dominant in tonic REM and phasic REM respectively?
- Tonic REM = parasympathetic
- Phasic REM = sympathetic
What part of the autonomic nervous system is predominant during NREM sleep?
Parasympathetic
What is the normal change in blood pressure during sleep called?
Nocturnal dipping
