Normal Ranges

Question 1

Hematocrit

Answer 1

0.35-0.45 or 35-45%

Question 2

Sodium (Na+)

Answer 2

140-150 (160) mmol/l

Question 3

Ca2+

Answer 3

Ca2+: 1.08-1.5mmol/L
tCa: 2.1-3mmol/L

• may be double in laying hens! Lower ionized fraction, typ1.5mmol/L

Question 4

Potassium (K+)

Answer 4

3.5-5.5 mmol/l

Question 5

Chlrodie (Cl-)

Answer 5

100-125 mmol/l

Question 6

Magnesium (tMg, Mg2+)

Answer 6

0.8-1.5 mmol/l

Question 7

Inorganic phosphate (Pi)

Dog, horse, Cat, cattle sheep, Swine, goat

Answer 7

Reference range:

Dog, horse: 0.8-1.8 mmol/l Cat, cattle sheep: 1-2.4 mmol/l Swine, goat: 1-3 mmol/l

Question 8

Osmolality (mOsm/kg)

Answer 8

270-310 mOsm/kg

Question 9

pH of blood

Answer 9

7.35-7.45

Question 10

HCO3-

Answer 10

Metabolic paramter 21-24 mmol/l

Question 11

ABE – Actual Base Excess

Answer 11

Metabolic parameter +/- 3.5 mmol/l

Question 12

SBE – standard base demand

Answer 12

Or in vivo, metabolic parameter
+/- 3 mmol/l

(In whole ec space not just in blood)

Question 13

Anion gap

Answer 13

8-16 mmol/l

Question 14

PaO2

Answer 14

Partial arterial pressure of oxygen

88-118 mmHg

Question 15

PaCO2

Answer 15

Partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide

35-45 mmol/l

Question 16

SAT or SATO2

Answer 16

Oxygen saturation (%) Venous: 75-80% or 80-90% Arterial: 90-100% or 95-99%

Question 17

FiO2

Answer 17

Fraction of inspired air Room air: 0.209 (20,9%)
O2 enriched: 0.21-1.0
>0.5 risk of O2 toxcitiy

Question 18

WBC (she did only ask this range)

Answer 18

5-15*10^9/L

Question 19

Haemoblobin (Hgb)

Answer 19

120-180g/L

Question 20

Platelets

Answer 20

200-800*10^9/L

Question 21

RBC

Answer 21

Mammals: 4.5-8 x 1012

Question 22

RDW - red cell distribution width

Answer 22

Dog: 12-16%
Cat: 14-18%

Question 23

MCV

Answer 23

60-77fl

Question 24

ESR

Answer 24

0.5-3cm/h

Question 25

Total protein

Answer 25

60-80g/L

Question 26

Reticulocyte

Answer 26

normal: 2-3 %

Question 27

Glucose: birds, monogastric animals, ruminants

Answer 27

Birds: 9-11mmol/L
Ruminants: 2-4mmol/L
Monogastric animals: 3.5-5mmol/L

(From physio)

Question 28

Total lipid, TL

Answer 28

5-7 mmol/l

Question 29

Triacylglycerol, TG

Answer 29

0,6-1,2 mmol/l

Question 30

Protein in BCF/CSF

Answer 30

0.2-0.4g/L

Question 31

Fibrin strand time

Answer 31

1-2min

Question 32

Urine specific gravity

Answer 32

1015-1040g/cm3 (hypersthenuric) physiological

Hyposthenuria: SG 􏰈1.008
Isosthenuria: SG 1.008-1.012

Question 33

Ketone bodies

Answer 33

None

Question 34

Osmotic resistance of RBC

Answer 34

Should be ok in hyPOtonic solution (phys=0,9%NaCl)