Normal Radiographic Anatomy Flashcards
name intra-oral radiographs
- bitewings
- periapicals
- occlusal
name extra-oral radiographs
- panoramic (DPT)
- cephalometric
- cone bone computed tomography (CBCT)
what should you be able to see in bitewing radiographs?
- enamel
- dentine
- pulp chamber and canal
- alveolar bone
- periodontal ligament space (radiolucent line)
- lamina dura (radiopaque line)
see 3/4 teeth on the upper and lower jaws
may not shown the apex
what does “periapical” mean
peri = around apical = the apex / tip of the tooth
what should you be able to see in a periapical radiograph?
- follicular space
- alveolar crest
- inferior alveolar (dental) canal (obviously only on the lower jaw) [appears radiolucent]
- submandibular fossa [also only on the lower jaw]
shows the full length of at least one tooth and surrounding anatomical features
what is the alveolar crest
laminar dura where 2 teeth sockets are joined together with bone going over the crest
anatomy and pathology
theres a diagram labelled A-I with features labelled maybe look this up to make sure you know where / what everything is ?
what are normal radiolucent features
• Air shadows and soft tissues ○ Soft tissue adjacent to hard tissue will be relatively radiolucent • Oral cavity • Nasal cavity, orbits • Maxillary sinuses ○ And other sinuses on facial views or CBCT • Pharynx and larynx • Inferior alveolar canal, foraminae • Trabecular spaces • Pterygomaxillary fissure
what are normal radiopaque features
• Hard tissues ○ Bones § Ridges § Canals that go through bone § Septa - Thin projection of bone § Bones often have variations - due to muscle attachments which need something to be attached to (the reason we have ridges / roughness on bones) ○ Teeth
• Soft tissues adjacent to air ○ Tongue, soft palate § Most important ○ Nasal tissues ○ Lips ○ Ear lobes
what are anatomical features to look for in radiographs? [hard tissues]
○ Hard (bony) palate ○ Nasal septum ○ Nasal conchae ○ Zygomatic buttress (process) ○ Zygomatic arch ○ Vertebrae ○ Hyoid ○ Styloid process
what are anatomical features to look for in radiographs? [soft tissues]
○ Tongue ○ Lips ○ Soft palate ○ Nasal soft tissues § Philtrum § Alae ○ Ear lobe ○ Epiglottis ○ Posterior pharyngeal wall
what are anatomical features to look for in radiographs? [air cavities]
○ Maxillary sinus ○ Nasal cavity ○ Pharynx § Naso § Oro ○ Laryngo
what are anatomical features to look for in radiographs? [canals and foramina]
○ Inferior alveolar (ID) canal ○ Mental foramen ○ External auditory meatus § Important ○ Pterygo-maxillary fissure
what can be seen above the apices of upper anterior teeth in panoramic radiographs?
hard palate
what can you expect to see close to the apices of the upper molar teeth in panoramic radiographs?
the floor of the maxillary sinus
