Introduction to Radiology

Question 1

What are the principles of radiation protection?

Answer 1

Justification
Optimisation
Dose Limitation (for radiation workers and not patients)

Question 2

What does ALARP and ALARA stand for?

Answer 2

As low as reasonably practicable

As low as reasonably achievable.

Question 3

Is intraoral imaging direct or indirect?

Answer 3

Indirect.

Question 4

What does processing mean in radiology terms?

Answer 4

Conversion of latent image to permanent visible image.

Question 5

What is the range (in kilo volts) of a panoramic x-ray?

Answer 5

60 to 70 kV.

Question 6

What does attenuation mean?

Answer 6

Attenuation is the reduction of the intensity of an x-ray beam as it traverses matter. The reduction may be caused by absorption or by deflection (scatter) of photons from the beam and can be affected by different factors such as beam energy and atomic number of the absorber..

Question 7

Why do amalgam and gold appear white on an x-ray?

Answer 7

Metals- eg amalgam and gold- x-ray will be completely absorbed by these materials- white image.

Question 8

What is CBCT>

Answer 8

CONE BEAM CT- cross sectional 3d imaging- very thin slices of patient from diff views.
Cone beam computed tomography.

Question 9

What does a cephalometric x-ray show?

Answer 9

The facial skeleton. Usually a lateral view and includes soft tissue profiles.

Question 10

What does. BITEWING RADIOGRAPH need to include?

Answer 10

• upper and lower crowns of one side
• mesial first premolar contact to most distal contact point or surface
• no minimal overlap of teeth
• enamel-dentine junction
• coronal pulp morphology
• interdental bone.

Question 11

What type of pathologies does a bitewing show?

Answer 11

• interproximal caries
• cervical caries
• occlusal/buccal/lingual caries
• restorations- ledges/defects
• interdental bone changes.

Question 12

What type of pathologies does a periapical show?

Answer 12

• crown (caries/trauma/non-caries tooth surface loss)
• changes related to restorations
• pulpal pathology
• root
• supporting bone

Question 13

What are the two types of an occlusal radiograph?

Answer 13

Oblique- similar to a large periapical

True (cross sectional)- plan view of a section of the mandible or floor of mouth.

Question 14

What does a panoramic radiograph show?

Answer 14

Full view of dentition- an image of a layer, not full thickness of all structures between x-ray source and image receptor.