normal pregnancy and labor birth/ obstetric complications

Question 1

what is the definition of labor?

Answer 1

uterine contractions causing progressiver cervical change

Question 2

what are the three P’s of labor?

Answer 2

Power=contractions
Passenger=fetal size
Pelvis=pelivc type
(psychosocial)

Question 3

describe the progression of labor in stages?

Answer 3

stage 1: cervical diction 0-10 cm
stage 2: complete cervical dilation to delivery of baby
stage 3: from delivery of baby to delivery of placenta
stage 4: first hour post part, after delivery of placenta

Question 4

what is puerperium

Answer 4

the time from delivery of the placenta to the return of the reproductive that to non pregnant state
6 weeks

Question 5

during labor the upper contracting zone of the uterus _______

Answer 5

thickens

Question 6

what does a thickened upper uterus implicate during labor?

Answer 6

pulls lower zone/cervix open and thing
downward pressure on fetus
muscle doesnt return to its original length in the upper zone and the cavity becomes smaller and smaller

Question 7

what is a hall mark of stage 2 of labor?

Answer 7

irresistible urge/desire to push

Question 8

how long does stage 3 of labor usually last

Answer 8

average 5-10 mins up to 30 mins

Question 9

if stage 3 of labor last more then 30 minutes what does this implicate?

Answer 9

risk of hemmorage increase

retained placenta requiring manual removal

Question 10

what is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage?

Answer 10

#1 uterine atony 
other causes
placenta previa
placental abruption
uterine rupture

Question 11

what is uterine atony?

Answer 11

Uterine atony is a loss of tone in the uterine musculature. Normally, contraction of the uterine muscle compresses the vessels and reduces flow. This increases the likelihood of coagulation and prevents bleeds. Thus, lack of uterine muscle contraction can cause an acute hemorrhage.

Question 12

what are risk factors for uterine atony?

Answer 12

over distended uterus
oxytocin/pitocin administration in labor
precipitous delivery

Question 13

what is gravity/parity

Answer 13

gravity; total # of pregnancies

what is parity: # of deliveries

Question 14

what is the treatment for an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 14

methotrexate
folic acid antagonist
surgery

Question 15

how do you tx a molar pregnancy?

Answer 15

dilation and curettage
monitor HCG levels for 6 months …
if level rises or persist for more than 6 months =invasive mole
needs chemotherapy

Question 16

what is vasa previa

Answer 16

umbilical vessels cover the cervical opening

Question 17

how to treat placenta previa and vasa previa?

Answer 17

c-section

Question 18

how to treat preterm labor

Answer 18

TOCOLYTICS prolongs gestation by only 48 hours
examples: ca channel blockers: nifedipine
beta mimetics: terbutaline
magnesium sulfate
prostaglandin inhibitors: indomethacin
**give corticosteroids for lung maturity(betamethason)

Question 19

what are the types of urinary incontinence?

Answer 19

over flow
stress
urge

Question 20

is overflow incontinence more common in men or women?

Answer 20

men due to BPH

Question 21

describe overflow incontinence?

Answer 21

urethral blockage

bladder unable to empty properly

Question 22

describe stress incontinence?

Answer 22

relaxed pelvic floor

increased abdominal pressure

Question 23

describe urge incontinence?

Answer 23

bladder oversensitivity from infection

neurologic disorders

Question 24

what is the most common type of urinary incontinence?

Answer 24

stress

Question 25

what are reversible causes of urinary incontinence?

Answer 25

drugs (diuretics and ace inhibitors)
infections
hyperglycemia