Normal Oral Anatomy Flashcards
Which bones contribute to the structure of the upper jaw are?
- the two nasal bones
- two maxillary
- the incisive bone
- the palatal bones
- the vomer
- two pteragoid bones and
- the zygomatic arches
Detail brachycephalic breeds?
Brachycephalic shorter and wider heads
Persian cats , Pugs, Bull dogs
Detail Mesaticephalic/Mesiocephalic breeds?
Mesaticephalic/Mesiocephalic skulls of medium proportions German Shepards, Beagles and most domestic cats
Detail Dolichocephalic breeds?
Dolichocephalic elongated faces Greyhounds, Collies, site hounds and Siamese cats
Detail the bones of the face?
Bones of the face:
* Maxilla
* Palatal bone
* Nasal bone
* Vomer
* Incisive bone
Mandibles:
* Left and right mandibles joined rostrally by the symphysis
* Articulates caudally with base of the skull at temporomandubular joint (TMJ)
How are tooth sockets in the upper and lower jaw formed?
Alveoli (tooth sockets) in the upper jaw is formed by the alveolar processes of the:
* incisive bone (the incisor teeth).
* maxillary bone ( the canine, premolar and molar teeth).
Alveoli in the lower jaw is formed by the alveolar processes of the:
* Left and right mandibles.
The soft tissues of the mouth include the mucosa
and submucosal soft tissue of the?
The roof of the mouth
Hard and soft palate
Alveolar mucosa and gingiva
The floor of the mouth including the tongue
The glossoplatine arches
The lips and cheeks
Oropharynx
What are the other soft tissues of oral cavity?
Muscles
Salivary glands and lymph nodes
Neurovasular structures
Discuss the muscles of mastication that close the jaws?
Paired muscles for closing:
Temporal
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid
Discuss the muscles of mastication that open the jaws?
Paired Muscles for opening:
Digastric
(gravity)
Describe the 3 layers of the cheek?
Skin
The muscular middle layer
Buccal mucosa on the inside, that lines the oral cavity.
Name the important structures in the cheek?
Parotid duct
Dorsal and ventral branches of the facial nerve.
Space created between the buccal mucosa and the upper
and lower dental arcades is known as?
The vestibule (the buccal part of the oral vestibule)
Describe the three layers of the lip?
skin
the muscular middle layer
* orbicularis oris,
* platysma and
* buccinator.
labial mucosa on the inside, that lines the oral
cavity.
Skin meets the oral mucosa at the?
Mucocutaneous junction
Vibrissae concentrated on the upper lip is composed of?
Long thick hairs attached to a large and very well innervated
hair follicle.
The upper and lower lips meet at the?
Commissure of the mouth.
Space created between the labial mucosa and the
upper and lower dental arcades is called the?
vestibule
(the labial part of the oral vestibule)
Where is the base of the tongue attached to?
attached to the hyoid bone caudally
The body of the tongue is attached to?
the mid portion attached ventrally to the floor of the mouth
The tip of the tongue is attached to?
Rostral to the lingual frenulum .
Major salivary glands are?
Paired
Where is the mandibular salivary gland?
At the angle of the mandible
Where is the parotid salivary gland?
At the base of the ear
Where is the Zygomatic salivary gland?
At the zygomatic arch
Where is the sublingual salivary gland?
*monostomatic part (closely associated with
mandibular gland that opens on the sublingual
curruncles at the base of the lingual frenulum and the
*polistomatic part: smaller glands with their own
openings scattered along the floor of the mouth and
the sublingual mucosa.
Which species also has Lingual molar salivary gland and where is it?
(Only on cats) situated in a mucosal fold on the lingual aspect of the mandibular molar tooth.
Arterial Blood is supplied to the oral cavity via?
Branches of the maxillary artery ( a branch
of the external carotid artery)
Venous drainage by veins accompanying
arteries and nerves.
The main direction of blood vessels and
nerves in the mouth and face runs in what direction?
caudal-rostral direction with terminal
branches from there to the target organs.
Name the three parts that the trigeminal nerve divides in to?
The maxillary nerve (purple)
The mandibular nerve (green)
The ophthalmic nerve (blue)
Where does the maxillary nerve leave the cranium via?
via the round foramen (purple), the rostral alar foramen and the alar canal
The mandibular nerve leaves the cranium via the?
oval foramen (green)
The ophthalmic nerve leaves cranium via the?
orbital fissure (blue)
Where does the maxillary nerve travel?
The maxillary nerve leaves the round foramen
and travels rostrally lateral to the pterygoid
muscles to the pterygo-palatine fossa in the
rostroventral aspect of the orbit.
Before it enters the maxillary foramen give off
the caudal superior alveolar nerves. These
nerves intervals the maxillary first and second
molars and potentially the maxillary fourth
premolar
Discuss the major palatine nerve and where is originates and exits?
The maxillary nerve leaves the round foramen
and travels rostrally lateral to the pterygoid
muscles to the pterygo-palatine fossa in the
rostroventral aspect of the orbit.
Before it enters the maxillary foramen give off
the caudal superior alveolar nerves. These
nerves intervals the maxillary first and second
molars and potentially the maxillary fourth
premolar
After it enters the maxillary foramen the maxillary nerve becomes the?
The infraorbital nerve.
Within the infraorbital canal the middle
superiors alveolar nerves and just before
leaving the infraorbital canal at the infraorbital
foramen the rostral superior alveolar nerves.
The branches of the rostral superior alveolar
nerves enters the incisivo-maxillary canals to
innervate the alveolar canine and incisor teeth
These structures are usually not visible on
radiographs.
Discuss where the route the mandibular nerve travels and what it becomes as it moves more rostrally?
The mandibular nerve travels rostrally after leaving the round foramen gives off branches that includes motor innervation to most
masticatory muscles, the lingual nerve and then enters the mandibular canals at the mandibular foramen, on the medial aspect of the
mandibles.
The lingual nerve branches off the mandibular nerve and courses more medially to innervate the rostral 2/3 of the tongue
The myelohyoid nerve braces off the inferior alveolar nerve before it enters the mandibular canal and supplies innervation to the soft tissue
of the mandible
The mandibular foramen is positioned on a line half way between last molar tooth and the angular process of the mandible
Improve International
Discuss the route the mandibular nerves travels rostrally?
The mandibular nerves travels rostrally within the mandibular canal as the inferiors alveolar nerves to innervate the
mandibular teeth.
The inferior alveolar nerves leaves the mandibular canal at three foramina, the caudal, middle and rostral mental foramina
The middle mental foramina are the largest and is positioned at or just ventral to apex of mesial root of the second
mandibular premolars
The ventral nasal conchae occupies most of the nasal cavity. The delicate bony scrolls of the ventral nasal conchae are attached to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity (the maxillary
bones) by means of a single leaf, the conical crest crest. The latter is an important landmark when?
An important landmark visible on intra oral radiographs of the maxillary premolar and molar as well as canine teeth.
The ramus of the mandible is non-tooth bearing and contains three well-defined processes. List them:
The coranoid process forms the dorsal-most part of the mandible. The condylar process is transversely elongated and forms the mandibular component of the temporomandibular joint, articulating with the mandibular fossa of the temporal
bone.
The angular process is a prominent bony structure at the angle of the mandible and an important landmark for regional anaesthesia
The masseteric fossa on the lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible is occupied by the insertion of the?
masseter muscle.
At the caudal aspect of the lingual side of the mandible the mandibular foramen is found. This is the caudal opening of the mandibular canal and is occupied by the?
neurovascular bundle associated with innervation and vascularisation of the teeth and other structures of the lower jaw. These neurovascular structures exits the mandibular canal at the mental foramina.
