Malocclusion

Question 1

What is normal occlusion?

Answer 1

the mandibular incisors occlude on the palatal aspect of the maxillary
Incisors. The incisive edge of a mandibular incisor touches the cingulum of the
opposing maxillary Incisor. The latter is an anatomical feature of maxillary incisors in dogs. This conformation is referred to as a scissor bite and is also considered normal in cats.
In both dogs and cats the mandibular canines occlude in the space (the incisorcanine diastema) between the third maxillary incisor and maxillary canine teeth.
There should be no contact between any teeth or soft tissue in this area.
The relationship between the maxillary and mandibular premolars is an important indication of normal. Mandibular premolars interdigitate with the opposing premolars in the so-called “pinking shear” confirmation. The first mandibular
premolar occludes at the mesial aspect of the first maxillary premolar and so
on.
In normal occlusion maxillary premolar teeth includes the buccal aspects of the
mandibular premolars. The distal cusp of the mandibular first molar (the mandibular carnassial) occludes with the first maxillary first molar.

Question 2

Define Malocclusion?

Answer 2

Malocclusion occurs because by either or individual teeth that are in abnormal
positions or orientation, or abnormalities in jaw length. The clinical relevance of
malocclusions depends on whether the abnormalities causes traumatic contact
of teeth with either soft tissue or other teeth.

Question 3

Define a CLASS 1 malocclusion?

Answer 3

In Class I malocclusion, a single or a few individual teeth, are abnormality orientated. In general, there are little or no abnormalities in jaw length. The most
common example of this malocclusion is linguoversion (upright) of mandibular
canine teeth. This can occur in deciduous of permanent dentition. Mandibular
canine teeth positioned abnormally, usually causes impingement on the soft tissue of the palate or opposing gingiva. For reasons to be discussed later, this
condition should be treated.

Question 4

What breed is well known for getting a certain type of malocclusion?

Answer 4

There is a well recognised genetic association in mesioversi
on (so-called lance canine) of the maxillary canine teeth that occur more frequently in breeds like the Shetland sheepdog.

Question 5

Describe a Rostral - MAL1/CB/R malocclusion?

Answer 5

Rostral cross bite describes an abnormal relationship of the incisors with one or
more mandibular incisors positioned labially to the maxillary incisors. It could
obviously also be possible if the maxillary incisors are positioned lingually to the
mandibular ones.

Question 6

Describe a Caudal Crossbite - MAL1/CB/C
malocclusion?

Answer 6

Caudal crossbite describes the abnormal position of a mandibular premolars
which occludes buccal to the maxillary premolars.
Caudal crossbite occurs when one or more lower cheek teeth are closer to the cheek than the opposing upper cheek teeth when the mouth is closed.

Question 7

Describe Mesioversion – MAL1/MV?

Answer 7

A mesial (or rostro-dorsal) displacement of the maxillary canine, so called “dagger” or “lance” canine more commonly occurs in Shetland sheep dogs and is therefore considered to have a hereditary cause.

Question 8

Discuss Distoversion – MAL1/DV?

Answer 8

Teeth in a normal anatomical position is tipped in a distal direction.

Question 9

Discuss Base Narrow Mandibular Canines?

Answer 9

Base narrow canine teeth describe mandibles that are more narrow than normal.
It is distinguished from linguoversion of mandibular canines by the fact that the
mandibular incisor teeth are severely crowded, indicating smaller space between
the mandibular canines.

Question 10

Discussed Linguoversion - MAL1/LV?

Answer 10

Linguoversion indicates displacement of a mandibular tooth towards the tongue.

Question 11

Discuss Labioversion - MAL/LABV?

Answer 11

Labioversion describes an incisor or canine tooth that is tipped outwards towards the lips

Question 12

What is Buccoversion - MAL/BV?

Answer 12

Buccoversion describes premolar or molar teeth that are tipped or angled outwards towards the cheek.

Question 13

What is rotation?

Answer 13

Rotation indicates the diversion of a tooth along its long axis even though these
teeth might be in an otherwise normal position.

Question 14

Define Class 2- MAL2?

Answer 14

Mandibular distoclusion. (Previously referred to as mandibular brachygnathism or
maxillary prognathism). Animals with this confirmation are generally accepted
to have shorter mandibles. This implies that the mandibular canine teeth are
displaced distally and occlude traumatically with either the soft tissue of the
palate or opposing teeth.

Question 15

Discuss Class 3 – MAL3 malocclusion?

Answer 15

Mandibular mesioclusion. (Earlier referred to as mandibular prognathism or maxillary brachygnathism). This confirmation has also historically been described as
undershot or mandibular prognathism. This confirmation can be considered as
“normal” for the brachycephalic dog breeds. This confirmation occurs because of
shortening of the facial bones. Another consequence is crowding of the maxillary premolar teeth. Animals affected by this conformation are also prone to
traumatic occlusion of the maxillary incisor teeth on the floor of the mouth just
lingual to the mandibular incisor teeth.

Question 16

What is a class 4 malocclusion?

Answer 16

Class 4 malocclusion is also called a” twisted bite or wry bite”, but these should
be considered lay terms.
This confirmation develops because of an asymmetry in either the upper or
lower jaw. The deviation could either occur in a vertical or horizontal plane.

Question 17

What is Maxillomandibular Asymmetry in a Rostro-caudal Direction?
Part of class 4 malocclusion class.

Answer 17

In this situation the one side of the dentition displays completely normal occlusion and premolar relationship while the contralateral side this relationship is
distorted

Question 18

What is Maxillomandibular Asymmetry in a Side-to-Side Direction?
Part of class 4 malocclusion class.

Answer 18

This deviation occurs in side-to-side direction: this results in the loss of the midline alignment of the mandible and the maxilla.

Question 19

What is Maxillomandibular Asymmetry in a Dorsoventral Direction?
Part of class 4 malocclusion class.

Answer 19

Maxillomandibular asymmetry in the dorsal ventral direction results in an open
bite on one side when the contralateral side is closed normally

Question 20

What is Feline Upper Carnassial Impact Syndrome?

Answer 20

This distal malocclusion is a relatively common malocclusion in cats (but it does
occur in dogs too) and especially affects brachycephalic and dolichocephalic
breeds. The association (if any) with specific skull types is not clear. The maxillary fourth and sometimes the third premolar occludes on the gingiva and oral
mucosa at the vestibular aspect of the opposing premolar and molar teeth. This
causes an ulcero-proliferative lesion at this site.
If left untreated this chronic persistent trauma could result in the formation of
an inflammatory/pyo-granuloma as well as gingival recession of the affected
mandibular fourth premolar and first molar teeth. Surgical removal of the granuloma alone is not an effective treatment.
Odontoplasty to round off the incisive edge of the impinging teeth, is usually affective in early intervention. It is very important that the pulp of the treated
teeth are not exposed during this procedure. The dentine exposed in this way
should obviously be sealed to prevent sensitivity, the potential ingress of chemical or bacterial irritants and subsequent pulpitis, for this reason radiographic
follow-up after this procedure is important.
If reduction in crown height is not successful, extraction of the impinging teeth
and all those affected by the impingement, should be considered and is very effective.

Question 21

What is a wry bite?

Answer 21

Wry malocclusion is a layman’s term that’s this describes the difference abnormalities in the lengths of the left and right sides (class 4 malocclusions) of the
face and should be avoided in scientific conversations.

Question 22

What is Preventative Orthodontics?

Answer 22

Examples of preventive procedures are:
* Client education about exfoliation and eruption times.
* Operculectomy describes surgical removal of a cap or operculum of tough
gingiva to expose the crown of a retained permanent tooth to allow further
eruption.
* Extraction of a tooth, the presence of which might play a role in the development of malocclusion.

Question 23

What is interceptive orthodontics?

Answer 23

These treatments address developing or established malocclusion. Interceptive
procedures involve developing dentition in young patients and the procedures
grouped under this heading are:
* Crown reduction of a permanent tooth already causing a malocclusion.
* Extraction of a tooth in abnormal, traumatic occlusion (malocclusion).

Question 24

What is Correctional Orthodontics?

Answer 24

These procedures are aimed at correcting or treating malocclusion without loss
of the malocluding tooth or part of its crown. This is accomplished by means of
tooth movement, e.g.
* Passive movement of a tooth using an orthodontic device like an inclined
plane or temporary crown extensions.
* Active movement of a tooth using an elastic chain other spring loaded or
screw activate devices.
* Surgical repositioning of a tooth.
* Orthognathic surgery to treat skeletal malocclusion.