Normal Lower Limb Development

Question 1

At birth, children have varus/valgus knees

Answer 1

Varus knees

Question 2

How old are children when their knees are neutrally aligned?

Answer 2

14 months

Question 3

At 3 years old, what degree of valgus are the knees?

Answer 3

10-15

Question 4

What is physiological valgus and when should it be present?

Answer 4

6 degrees

7-9 years

Question 5

Valgus deformity is knock knees/bow legs with a larger gap between knees/feet

Answer 5

Valgus deformity is knock knees with larger gap between feet

Question 6

Varus deformity is knock knees/bow legs with larger gap between knees/feet

Answer 6

Varus deformity is bow legs with larger gap between knees

Question 7

What is in-toeing?

Answer 7

When the feet point towards the midline when walking/standing

Question 8

Give some signs of in-toeing

Answer 8

Clumsiness

Wear through shoes quickly

Question 9

All children are born with flat feet. True/false?

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is the underlying bony abnormality in rigid flat feet?

Answer 10

Tarsal coalition

Question 11

What toe is most commonly affected by curly toes?

Answer 11

Fifth toe